关键词: 岩爆机制, 岩爆试验, 多余能量, 岩爆分类, 岩爆控制, 开挖补偿法, NPR锚杆/索

Abstract: The challenges posed by significant deformation of surrounding rock masses induced by excavation and the dynamic failure triggered by strong impacts are becoming increasingly severe as deep rock engineering advances. Rockburst, a common dynamic hazard in deep underground engineering, is referred to as the "cancer" of the geotechnical engineering community because of its suddenness. This characteristic makes effective prediction and prevention difficult, thus seriously endangering the safety of construction personnel and the normal operation of equipment. In this study, the authors explore the mechanism of excess energy in rockburst by comparing the energy storage differences of rocks under true triaxial unloading and uniaxial compression stress paths. Rockbursts are categorized into strainburst and disturbanceinduced impact rockbursts on the basis of different mechanisms of rockburst initiation. To simulate the stress paths of different types of rockbursts induced by excavation and reproduce various rockburst phenomena indoors for mechanism research, the authors′ team independently developed three sets of true triaxial rockburst simulation experimental systems. They are 1-G strainburst, 2-G strainburst, and impact rockburst experimental systems. Different types of rockbursts were successfully simulated in the laboratory. The authors include roadway strainbursts, roadway intersection strainbursts, strainbursts of three free face pillars, strainbursts of pillars, and impact rockbursts induced by dynamic loads. The authors propose an excavation compensation method and develope macroscopic and microscopic anchors/cables with negative Poisson′s ratio(NPR) effects to effectively control rockburst disasters. Engineering practice has proven that NPR anchors/cables can provide high prestress to compensate for stress loss caused by excavation. Moreover, they possess good ductility and energy absorption effects. As a result, NPR anchors/cables offer an effective approach for the prevention and control of rockburst disasters.

Key words: rockburst mechanism; rockburst experiment, excess energy, rockburst classification, rockburst control, excavation compensation method, negative Poisson′s ratio anchor rod/cable