基于多目标优化的通航隧道断面尺度及安全航速

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.01.01

隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 145-156.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.01.01

基于多目标优化的通航隧道断面尺度及安全航速

邓斌^{1, 2, 3}，宋佳颖^{2, 4}，张爱平⁵，官志鑫⁶，张雯⁵，蒋昌波^{2, 3}

（1. 通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室，江苏南京 210029； 2. 长沙理工大学水利与海洋工程学院，湖南长沙 410114； 3. 水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室，湖南长沙 410114； 4. 湖南省水利发展投资有限公司，湖南长沙 410007； 5. 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司，湖南长沙 410200； 6. 湖南省港航水利集团有限公司，湖南长沙 410004）

出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-20
作者简介:邓斌（1985—），男，湖南衡阳人，2014年毕业于长沙理工大学，港口、海岸及近海工程专业，博士，教授，主要从事运河隧道通航关键技术等方面的研究工作。E-mail: dengbin07@csust.edu.cn。

Multi-Objective Optimization of Cross-Sectional Design and Safe Navigation Speed in Navigable Tunnels

DENG Bin^{1, 2, 3}, SONG Jiaying^{2, 4}, ZHANG Aiping⁵, GUAN Zhixin⁶, ZHANG Wen⁵, JIANG Changbo^{2, 3}

(1. Key Laboratory of Navigation Structures Technology, the Ministry of Transport, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; 2. School of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China; 4. Hunan Provincial Water Resources Development and Investment Co., Ltd., Changsha 410007, Hunan, China; 5. Hunan Provincial Communications Planning, Survey & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha 410200, Hunan, China; 6. Hunan Port Shipping & Water Resources Group Co., Ltd., Changsha 410004, Hunan, China)

Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决通航隧道断面受限导致的航行条件复杂问题，提升隧道的通航效率、经济性与安全性，综合考量断面尺度、通航安全与通过能力3大优化目标，聚焦通航隧道断面尺度优化及安全航速研究。首先，针对水下断面与水上断面，分别建立以船舶航速和建筑富余量为约束，以最小隧道水下断面系数、最小通航水深和最小隧道轮廓尺度为目标的多目标优化函数，并联合求解确定最优断面尺度；其次，在此基础上，为进一步优化隧道内水动力条件，设计消波块网箱式消波结构，并对其消波性能开展数值模拟分析；最后，基于优化断面和消波结构布置，构建2 000 t级船舶运动的三维数值模型，计算不同断面条件下的波高和流速，确定安全航速限值并建立船舶安全航速经验公式。结果表明： 1）所提出的断面优化方法可在满足通航安全与航行条件约束的前提下，确定通航隧道水下与水上断面的尺度； 2）布置消波结构后，数值模拟结果显示波高消减率为30.69%，流速消减率为51.34%，可有效改善水动力条件； 3）2 000 t级船舶在隧道水下宽度为15.20~25.20 m时的安全航速推荐为1.41~2.19 m/s，所建立的安全航速经验公式可用于该船型在不同断面尺度条件下的安全航速计算。

关键词: 通航隧道, 断面尺度, 多目标优化, 船行波, 安全航速, 消波结构

Abstract: Navigable tunnels with small cross-sections can be difficult to navigate. To improve navigational and economic efficiency, and navigational safety, comprehensive multi-objective optimization models are established based on the cross-sectional dimensions, navigational safety, and navigational capacity. First, for above-water and underwater tunnel cross-sections, multi-objective optimization functions including the underwater cross-sectional coefficient, navigational water depth, and tunnel outline dimensions are constructed, which are restrained by ship speed and structural clearance, respectively. Subsequently, a block-cage wave dissipation structure is designed and evaluated through numerical simulations to optimize the hydrodynamic conditions in tunnels. Finally, a three-dimensional numerical model of a 2 000-t class ship is developed to calculate wave height and flow velocity under different cross-sectional conditions, determine safe navigation speed limits, and develop an empirical formula. The major results are as follows: (1) The proposed optimization method effectively predicts underwater and above-water tunnel cross-sectional dimensions under navigational constraints. (2) The wave dissipation structure reduces the wave height and flow velocity by 30.69% and 51.34%, respectively, effectively improving hydrodynamic conditions. (3) The recommended safe navigation speed is 1.41－2.19 m/s for a 2000-t class ship in underwater tunnels with widths of 15.20－25.20 m. The empirical formula is applicable to various cross-sectional dimensions.

Key words: navigable tunnels, cross-sectional dimensions, multi-objective optimization, ship hydrodynamics, safe navigational speed, wave-dissipation structure

邓斌, 宋佳颖, 张爱平, 官志鑫, 张雯, 蒋昌波. 基于多目标优化的通航隧道断面尺度及安全航速[J]. 隧道建设, 2026, 46(1): 145-156.

DENG Bin, SONG Jiaying, ZHANG Aiping, GUAN Zhixin, ZHANG Wen, JIANG Changbo. Multi-Objective Optimization of Cross-Sectional Design and Safe Navigation Speed in Navigable Tunnels[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2026, 46(1): 145-156.

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基于多目标优化的通航隧道断面尺度及安全航速

Multi-Objective Optimization of Cross-Sectional Design and Safe Navigation Speed in Navigable Tunnels

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