为研究膨润土复合防水衬垫（GCL）的组成和结构对其力学性能的影响，观察膨润土表面形态结构以及对膨润土复合防水衬垫的拉伸强度和剥离强度进行试验研究。结果表明： 膨润土遇水后表面结构发生改变，从而使其抗渗性能增强；复合防水衬垫的拉伸性能主要由编织土工布提供，拉伸强度为882.38N/10cm，剥离强度随剥离方向不同而异，剥离强度小于100N/10cm，拉伸强度要远大于剥离强度；水化前的膨润土对力学性能无影响；水化后的GCL纵向强度提高21.2%，横向强度提高11.8%，说明水化作用对力学性能有影响。

The structural and mechanical properties of the needlepunched geosynthetic clay liner are analyzed by means of observing the surface morphology of the bentonite and carrying out tensile and peel tests. The study shows that the surface structure of the bentonite changes when water is encountered, which improves its impermeability; the woven film yarn geotextile provides the main tensile strength, which is 882.38N/10cm; the peel strength is below 100 N/10cm, which is far lower than the tensile strength; the bentonite layer before hydration has little effect on the mechanical properties; the MD strength of the geosynthetic clay liner after hydration is increased by 21.2% and the CD strength is increased by 11.8%, which proves that hydration has effect on the mechanical properties of the geosynthetic clay liner.