介绍国内盾构的发展状况及主要特点。详细阐述土压平衡盾构在重庆地铁砂岩地层、北京砂砾石地层、西安黄土地层及大连钙质板岩地层中的应用，针对应用中存在的问题，提出盾构的针对性设计制造及相应的施工技术措施。由于工程地质及水文条件的不同，设计采用的盾构类型其设备系统配置也不同；即使在同一工程项目中，对不〖JP2〗同的地质情况，同一台盾构掘进施工中采取的掘进参数和施工技术措施也不一样，必须适应地质条件的变化，采用合适的掘进参数和施工措施，才能保证掘进施工的顺利进行。

The stateofart of the shield tunneling technologies in China is presented. The application of EPB shield machines in different geological conditions, such as sandstone strata in Chongqing Metro, sandy cobble strata in Beijing, loess strata in Xi'an and calcareous slate in Dalian, are described in detail. It is concluded that the specific geological conditions should be considered in the design and manufacture of shield machines, and, on the other hand, relevant shield tunneling technologies should be used, to cope with different geological conditions.