盾构法作为当前城市软土隧道最常用的修建方法之一，相关工程事故却屡见不鲜，究其原因，多是由于端头地层的稳定性未能得到有效控制所致，因此，端头地层失稳成为盾构始发和到达施工的一个主要风险点。为降低该风险，保证盾构工程的顺利进行，基于相关工程资料和研究成果的总结分析，结合作者的工程设计经验，针对盾构始发与到达的端头地层稳定性加固控制问题，通过研究得到以下成果： 1）提出了一个盾构始发与到达的加固方案库，并以此为基础，通过程序构建了一套盾构始发与到达加固方案的自动推理方法； 2）考虑有水和无水2种情况，根据各类土的类型特性和关键参数指标，对盾构始发与到达工程中的各单一类型土层分别进行了稳定性分析与判别； 3）根据各类土的地层稳定性分析与判断结果，提出了盾构始发与到达地层的综合稳定性判别方法。

Shield tunneling is one of the popular construction methods for tunnels in soft ground in urban area. However, accidents often occur in shield launching and arriving due to the stability problem of the end soil. The unstability of the end soil is a main risk in shield launching and arrival. Relevant engineering data and study results are summarized and analyzed in the paper. Conclusions drawn are as follows: 1) An end soil reinforcement database is proposed for shield launching and arrival, and automatic selection of the end soil reinforcement methods is realized. 2) Analysis and judgment are made on the stability of each soil layer on basis of the characteristics and parameters of the soil strata, considering the water condition and the nonwater condition. 3) A judgment method for the comprehensive stability of the end soil in shield launching and arrival is proposed, on basis of analysis and judgment on the stability of each soil layer.