为解决盾构隧道橡胶止水密封垫的数值分析难点，突破以工程类比法及经验法为主的密封垫防水性能设计的局限性，采用显式有限元分析方法对密封垫的压缩过程进行三维模拟，并将分析结果与力学试验对比，同时对影响橡胶密封垫力学性能的多种因素进行分析。主要得出以下结论： 1）有限元模拟结果与试验结果具有一致性，验证了本文方法的有效性； 2）对橡胶硬度和密封垫开孔率等因素进行分析，橡胶硬度越大，开孔率越低，则橡胶密封垫越硬，越难压缩。

In order to solve the difficulties in numerical simulation of elastic gaskets in shield tunnels and avoid the limitations of current gasket design methods based on experience and comparison, 3D model based on explicit FEM is introduced to simulate the compression of elastic gaskets. The simulation result is compared with the mechanical test result and factors which influence the mechanical property of elastic gaskets are analyzed. Conclusions drawn are as follows: 1) The explicit FEM adopted is effective; 2) The influences of rubber hardness and opening ratio on the gasket compression are analyzed, which shows that the harder the rubber and the smaller the opening, the harder the rubber gaskets and the more difficult the rubber gaskets can be compressed. 