为解决过煤层采空区分布区及水源地保护区铁路选线难题，依托山西某煤运铁路通道，提出下穿煤层采空区，上跨水源供给稳定饱和水位的隧道方案思路。在此基础上归纳总结综合地质勘察技术方法及手段，用于煤层空间分布及水源饱和水位的勘探，并借鉴煤矿工程、铁路工程及地下工程经验及理论，结合数值模拟提出煤层采空区下铁路隧道65 m的安全覆岩厚度，为方案论证及实施提供了重要依据。

A coaltransporting railway tunnel in Shanxi, crosses goaf and spring protection zone and proper route should be selected for the tunnel. In the paper, a tunnel route going below the goaf, but above the stable and saturated water level of the spring zone is proposed. Comprehensive geological surveying technologies and methods needed to survey the distribution of the goaf and the saturated water level of the spring zone are summarized. 65m thickness is proposed for the safe rock overburden of the railway tunnel located below the goaf, on basis of coal mine engineering theory, railway engineering theory and underground engineering theory, as well as by means of numerical simulation. The paper can provide reference for other similar works in the future.