为适应跨江越海隧道工程建设不断发展的需要，盾构正在向超大直径、超长距离、超大埋深方向发展。以琼州海峡隧道为工程背景，结合其超大埋深、超高水压、超大断面、特长距离及地质复杂多变等特点，在详细分析国内外大埋深超大直径盾构技术发展的基础上，对琼州海峡隧道等类似大埋深超大直径盾构工程所面临的超大直径盾构设计制造、盾构特长距离掘进、超高水压条件下盾构密封及特长隧道水下对接等技术挑战进行了论述，并对预期可望获得的大埋深超高水压条件下的超大直径盾构总体设计及集成技术、高效破岩及长寿命刀盘刀具优化设计技术、盾构防水密封设计与制造技术、常压换刀装置设计技术、特长距离掘进地中对接施工装备技术等盾构新技术进行了展望。

Shield technology is developing towards superlarge diameter, superlong boring distance and superthick overburden, so as to meet the growing need of rivercrossing and seacrossing tunnel construction. Qiongzhou Strait Tunnel has such features as superthick overburden, superhigh water pressure, superlarge crosssection, superlong distance and complex geology conditions. In the paper, the development of superlarge diameter shield technology under thick overburden at home and abroad is presented, the challenges of Qiongzhou Strait Tunnel, including the design and manufacture of superlargediameter shield machine, the superlong boring distance, the sealing technology under superhigh water pressure and underwater docking technology, are expounded, and outlook is made on such new technologies as the design and system integration of superlargediameter shield, highefficiency rock breaking technology, optimal design of cutter head and cutting tools, the sealing technology, cutter replacement technology under atmospheric pressure and underground docking technology.