在上软下硬复合地层，地铁盾构隧道设计、盾构选型及施工均存在不少困难和问题。对这些困难和问题进行详细地介绍和分析，结合国内大量工程的实施情况和经验，从设计、盾构选型及配置、施工措施等方面，提出处理方案及措施： 1）设计方案合理绕避上软下硬地层，有针对性措施及对应概算； 2）盾构选型和刀盘配置需适应硬岩掘进和软弱层保压； 3）给出全面可行的施工技术措施和应急预案。

There are many difficulties in the design, construction and shield type selection of shieldbored Metro tunnels in hardsoft heterogeneous ground. In the paper, countermeasures and technologies are proposed in terms of design, shield type selection, cutter head configuration and construction technology, on basis of construction and experiences of actual projects in China. Conclusions drawn are as follows: 1) The hardsoft heterogeneous ground should be avoided rationally in the route design, and countermeasures and cost budget should be prepared; 2) The shield type and cutter head configuration adopted should meet the requirements of boring in hard rock and pressurekeeping in soft ground; 3) A series of comprehensive and practicable construction technologies and contingency plan should be provided.