文章对岩石和土的分类方法进行了总结与分析，对于岩体，采用岩石的风化程度进行工程地质分层，既能体现地质规律，又能很好地结合工程应用，文中共划分了残积土、全风化岩、强风化岩、中等风化岩和微风化岩共5个主层。对于土层，土的地质年代对土的工程性质影响较大，共划分了人工填土、新近沉积土、一般沉积土共3个主层。浅基岩地区工程地质分层可采用“九分法”，即工程地质分层中的主层仅采用9个，既可符合地质规律，又易于工程使用，并以福州轨道交通2号线为例进行说明。

In the paper, the classification of rocks and soils are summarized and analyzed. The classification of rocks based on the weathering degree can not only reflect the geological rules, but also can well match the engineering application. The rocks are classified into 5 main strata, i.e., residual soil, fullyweathered rock, stronglyweathered rock, moderatelyweathered rock and slightlyweathered rock. The geological age of soils has great influence on the engineering properties of the soils. The soils are classified into 3 main strata, i.e., artificiallyfilled soil, recentlydeposited soil and common deposited soil. The ground in shallow bed rock regions can be classified into 9 main strata, which not only comply with the geological rules, but also is easy for engineering application. Finally, the application of the mentioned geological stratification method in Fuzhou rail transit is illustrated. 