统计分析了83例国内外铁路隧道运营期事故资料，研究了铁路隧道运营期间主要灾害类型、原因及防灾对策。研究结果表明： 1）铁路隧道运营期间主要灾害类型有火灾、列车碰撞、脱轨及衬砌剥落； 2）铁路隧道运营期防灾应以隧道火灾为重点，同时兼顾列车碰撞、脱轨和隧道衬砌混凝土剥落等灾害； 3）隧道内旅客列车火灾的主要原因为列车车辆关键部位故障、人为因素、列车车辆缺陷致列车碰撞或脱轨； 4）依据土建设施规模及隧道结构分布特点，长大铁路隧道（群）运营期防灾模式可选择定点停车疏散救援模式、全长或局部范围内随机停车疏散救援模式； 5）铁路隧道防灾涉及基础设施、铁道车辆和运输调度，应建立铁路隧道运营期灾害防范体系及预警系统，防止事故发生。

A number of 83 cases of accidents in railway tunnels in China and abroad during operation period are collected and analyzed, and main disaster types, causes and countermeasures are studied so as to provide guidance for construction, operation and disaster prevention of railway tunnel. The study results show that: 1) During the operation of railway tunnel, the main disaster types are fire disaster, train collision, derailment and lining concrete spalling. 2) Attentions should be paid to fire disaster, train collision, train derailment and tunnel lining concrete spalling during operation of railway tunnel. 3) The key parts failure of train vehicles, human factors and train collision or derailment induced by vehicle defects are responsible for the train fire in the tunnel. 4) The disaster prevention mode of long railway tunnel and tunnel group during operation period can be designated as parking evacuation and rescue and random parking evacuation and rescue within full or partial range of tunnel based on the scale of civil facilities and the characteristics of tunnel structure. 5) Disaster prevention of railway tunnel is closely related to infrastructure, railway vehicles and transportation scheduling; it is necessary to establish disaster precaution system of railway tunnel during operation period and early warning systems for accidents prevention.