为研究管片密封垫防水试验中不同装置材料下密封垫性能的差异，采用弹性力学理论对钢制装置和混凝土装置下密封垫的耐水压力和装配力进行研究。以管片接缝密封中常用的三元乙丙密封垫为研究对象，对钢制装置和混凝土装置下的密封垫进行防水试验，研究2种不同装置下密封垫的装配力和耐水压力与张开量的关系。研究结果表明： 1）钢制装置下密封垫的竖向应力比混凝土装置下密封垫的竖向应力大，导致其耐水压力高于混凝土装置； 2）2种装置得出的装配力-张开量和耐水压力-张开量曲线变化规律相似； 3）采用钢制装置代替混凝土装置进行混凝土管片密封垫的防水试验时，应将张开量减小一定的数值； 4）在密封垫的防水试验中应尽量采用混凝土装置进行测试； 5）采用钢制装置代替混凝土装置进行混凝土管片密封垫耐水压力测试时，应对试验数据进行平移转换。

The waterproof pressure and assembling force of the sealing gasket under steel apparatus and the concrete apparatus are studied by the theory of elasticity, so as to study the difference of the sealing gasket performance under apparatus with different materials during waterproof test. The waterproof test is carried out on the sealing gasket under steel apparatus and concrete apparatus by taking commonly used ethylenepropylenediene monomer (EPDM) gasket for example. And then the relationship between the assembling force and the opening amount and that between the waterproof pressure and the opening amount under steel apparatus and concrete apparatus are studied. The testing results indicate that: 1) The vertical stress of the sealing gasket under steel apparatus is larger than that under concrete apparatus which lead to the higher waterproof pressure of the sealing gasket under steel apparatus. 2) The curve of assembling forceopening amount and that of waterproof pressureopening amount obtained by the two apparatuses are quite similar. 3) The opening amount should be reduced by a certain value when using the steel apparatus instead of the concrete apparatus. 4) The concrete apparatus should be used in the waterproof pressure test as many as possible. 5) The test data should be translated when using the steel apparatus instead of concrete apparatus.