土压平衡盾构在高水压砂层中掘进时，施工措施不当会使开挖面发生涌水涌砂险情，进而引起较大的地表沉降，土体下沉会使得管片严重变形，威胁施工人员的生命安全。以武汉地铁7号线小东门至武昌火车站盾构区间为研究背景，通过建立精细化数值模型，考虑水土流固耦合作用，研究土压平衡盾构在砂土层中掘进时开挖面涌水对地表沉降及管片和螺栓内力的影响。结果表明： 开挖面涌水量与地表沉降呈线性关系，与管片螺栓内力呈非线性增长关系，较大的涌水量使隧道拱顶处发生严重的挤压变形，进而引起管片破损及螺栓屈服。因此，当开挖面发生涌水涌砂险情时，为防止地表严重下沉及管片破损，应尽快采取紧急措施减小涌水量。

The water inrush and mud gushing induced large ground surface settlement and segment deformation would occur during earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling in sandy stratum with high water pressure. A refined numerical model for EPB shield tunneling in Xiaodongmen StationWuchang Railway Station section on Wuhan Metro Line No. 7, considering fluidsolid coupling of water and soil, is established so as to study the influences of water inrush at shield tunneling face on ground surface settlement and internal stresses of segment and anchor bolt. The study results show that: 1) The water inrush volume at tunneling face and ground surface settlement show linear relationship; and that and internal stress of segment anchor bolt show nonlinear relationship. 2) Large water inrush volume would lead to squeezing deformation of tunnel crown top, and would further induce damage of segment and yielding of anchor bolt. As a result, attentions should be paid on reducing water inrush volume.