《铁路隧道设计规范》中的深埋围岩压力公式没有考虑隧道拱部围岩本身的承载作用以及超前预支护作用，荷载计算结果偏大。为验证深埋隧道初期支护结构实际承受的围岩压力荷载，以蒙华铁路三门峡至荆门段现场监测数据为依托，通过分析围岩变形监测资料，探讨蒙华铁路隧道围岩及结构在隧道开挖过程中的变形行为，并采用拱顶沉降与水平收敛相结合的位移反分析法，建立荷载-结构法平面有限元模型，反演推导围岩压力荷载。分析结果表明: 双线隧道反分析得出的围岩荷载为同级别按规范计算值的70.7%~76.5%；单线隧道反分析得出的围岩荷载为同级别按规范计算值的88.8%~93.1%。研究成果对蒙华铁路隧道现场施工和优化支护结构设计起到了很好的指导作用，希望能对以后类似隧道工程的设计和施工提供参考。

The current formula for deepburied surrounding rock pressure in Code for Design on Tunnel of Railway does not take the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock of the tunnel arch and the effect of advanced support into consideration, and the calculated load is overlarge. In order to verify the actual compressive load of surrounding rock on primary support structure of deep tunnel, the deformation behavior of surrounding rocks and structure of SanmenxiaJingmen Section on Menghua Railway is discussed by analyzing deformation monitoring data of surrounding rocks; and the loadstructure plane finite element model is established and the compressive load of surrounding rock is deduced by displacement analysis method of crown top settlement combined with horizontal convergence. The analytical results show that: 1) The surrounding rock load obtained by doubleline tunnel back analysis is about 70.7%-76.5% of the calculated value obtained by formula of relevant standards. 2) The surrounding rock load obtained by singleline tunnel back analysis is about 88.8%-93.1% of the calculated value obtained by formula of relevant standards. The study results can provide guidance for site construction and support structure design and optimization of Menghua Railway.