The process of how the "Belt and Road" Initiative was brought up is studied and the major opportunities that the "Belt and Road" Intiative brings to China are described in this paper. The "Belt and Road" Intiative is very prospective. The important role of the infrastructure construction in the "Belt and Road" Intiative is shown. Two examples of the infrastructure construction under the "Belt and Road" strategy, i.e., ChinaNepalIndia TransHimalaya Corridor and Kra Isthmus Canal in Thailand, are introduced. Finally, the challenges that China will face in the infrastructure construction under the "Belt and Road" Intiative and the rational countermeasures are described.

“一带一路”倡议以合作共赢为目标，旨在推进人类的共同进步，在世界上引起广泛的关注，将对世界产生巨大的影响。文章通过研究“一带一路”倡议产生的过程，说明该倡议给中国带来的重大机遇，得出“一带一路”倡议具有非常好的前景，并说明基础设施建设在“一带一路”倡议中的重要地位； 然后介绍2个“一带一路”相关的基础设施建设案例： “中国—尼泊尔—印度跨喜马拉雅通道研究”，“泰国克拉地峡运河”； 最后，提出“一带一路”基础设施建设过程中中国面临的挑战，并提出相应对策。