为探究盾构隧道防水失效形态、接缝密封垫失效模式及密封垫防水能力改善方法，首先基于统计资料，分析在建盾构隧道渗漏的宏观形态； 其次利用ABAQUS软件建立二维模型，采用平均接触压力作为评价指标，分析盾构隧道管片接缝处于不利工况下的失效模式； 最后结合橡胶硬度参数、密封垫孔洞参数调整，研究密封垫防水性能改善方法。主要得到如下结论： 1）错缝拼装盾构隧道渗漏的主要形态是管片接缝渗漏，且多发生在T字缝。2）对密封垫防水危害最大的是管片接缝张开和外张角，且渗漏均发生在密封垫与密封垫接触面。3）密封垫垫间平均接触压力与橡胶硬度呈线性正相关； 从密封垫垫间平均接触压力的保持效果来看，调整闭合孔的效果最好。

The study on waterproof failure mode of shield tunnel, failure mode of sealing gasket and improvement technologies is of great significance. Firstly, the macroscopic morphology of the leakage of shield tunnel under construction is analyzed based on the statistical data. And then 2D model is established by ABAQUS software, and the average contact pressure is taken as the evaluation index to analyze the failure mode of sealing gasket of shield tunnel segment under unfavorable working conditions. Finally, improving methods for the waterproofing performance of the sealing gasket are studied based on rubber hardness parameters and gasket hole parameter. Some main conclusions are drawn as follow: (1) The segment joint leakage is the main leakage mode for staggered joint shield tunnel, which mostly occurs in Tjoint. (2) The opening and the outer opening angle of the segment affect the waterproof performance of sealing gasket, and leakage mostly occurs on contact face between sealing gaskets. (3) The average contact pressure between gaskets is linearly positively correlated with the rubber hardness; and according to the average contact pressure between gaskets, the effect of adjusting the closed holes is the best.