为实时掌握基坑开挖过程中支护结构的变形情况，以宁波某地铁深基坑为依托，建立一套基于光纤光栅传感和光电成像技术的实时监测系统。介绍光纤光栅测量应变、光电式双向位移计测试墙顶水平位移和沉降的原理，并推导利用光纤光栅实测应变计算水平位移的公式。基坑开挖过程中，不同位移测试计算方法的成果对比分析结果表明： 光纤光栅传感技术测量墙体应变数据准确、可靠，计算的水平位移与测斜仪测得的水平位移一致，光电式双向位移计测试墙顶水平位移和沉降精度高于全站仪，可推广应用于基坑工程安全监测。

A realtime monitoring system based on fiber Bragg grating sensing and photoelectric imaging technology is established to learn the deformation information of supporting structure in the process of foundation pit excavation. The measuring principle of the horizontal displacement and settlement of wall top by optical fiber grating measuring strain and photoelectric bidirectional displacement meter is introduced, and the formula of calculating horizontal displacement by measuring strain of fiber Bragg grating is derived. During foundation pit excavation, the comparison and analysis of the results of different displacement testing methods show that the fiber grating sensing technology is accurate and reliable for measuring the wall strain, and the horizontal displacement measured by the inclinometer coincides with the horizontal displacement measured by the inclinometer; the photoelectric bidirectional displacement meter is more accurate than the total station in terms of measuring horizontal displacement and settlement, which is worth popularizing.