为研究隧道穿越断层突水突泥灾害发生机制，在分析渗流诱发断层突水突泥机制的基础上，依托江西永莲隧道断层破碎带突水突泥灾害工程实例，采用数值模拟方法，建立可模拟隧道动态开挖穿越断层带过程的有限元计算模型，分析隧道开挖过程中渗流场、应力场、隧道涌水量、塑性区分布等灾害前兆信息的演化规律。研究结果表明，当掌子面接近断层时，应力场、位移场、渗流场、塑性区分布等前兆信息均发生了突变。主要表现在： 1）应力集中现象达到最大，增幅接近1倍，高应力集中极易导致隧道施工至断层附近区域围岩失稳； 2）隧道围岩位移包括拱顶沉降与拱底隆起急剧性、突变性增大； 3）渗流速度急剧增大，地下水更容易向洞内渗透，地下水对围岩的蚀溃破坏作用加大； 4）围岩塑性区范围覆盖了整个洞周范围并且屈服深度有所增加； 5）隧道开挖接近断层时极易造成突水突泥灾害，施工中应积极采取有效的防控措施。

The effective control of water and mud inrush has become an important topic in the field of underground engineering disaster prevention and reduction. With the aim to better understand the mechanism of water and mud inrush in fault zone, the finite element calculation model for simulating the dynamic excavation of the tunnel crossing fault zone is established by taking water and mud inrush disaster in the fault fracture zone of Yonglian Tunnel on Jilian Expressway, Jiangxi for example. And then, the precursor information evolution process of the seepage field, stress field, plastic zone and tunnel water inflow during tunnel excavation is analyzed, being useful for revealing mechanism of water and mud inrush from faults. The results show that: (1) The stress concentration reaches the maximum, and the stress increases on average by a factor that is greater than 1; the high stress concentration easily leads to the instability of surrounding rock near the fault. (2) The crown settlement and arch uplift dramatically increase. (3) The seepage velocity increases sharply, the groundwater is more likely to infiltrate into the tunnel, and the erosion and failure of the surrounding rock increase. (4) The plastic zone covers the whole tunnel and the yield depth increases. (5) When tunnel face approaches to the fault, water and mud inrush is entirely possible to occur, which should be actively treated.