阐述长大铁路隧道防灾疏散救援体系，其由土建结构设施、机电设备设施、监控系统、管理系统及疏散模式组成。根据一般地区和高海拔地区防灾疏散救援工程相关研究成果，分析火灾燃烧特性与致灾机制、土建结构设计与优化、机电设备设施优化、监控系统的开发以及应急疏散救援5个方面关键问题或技术的研究、实施现状与存在的问题，提出针对高海拔隧道火灾蔓延与热释放速率、土建参数优化、设备设施适用性检验与耐久性保持、监控系统应用于智能疏散等方面需要进一步开展研究。同时着眼于隧道发展，提出针对特长城市地下区间隧道、深埋地下车站与水下（海底）铁路隧道在上述5个方面亟需开展的研究工作。

In this paper, the composition of disaster prevention and evacuation rescue system of long and large railway tunnel, i.e. civil structure facilities, mechanical and electrical equipment facilities, monitoring system, management system and evacuation mode, is introduced. And then the research and implementation status and problems of fire characteristics and disaster causing mechanism, civil structure design and optimization, mechanical and electrical equipment and facilities optimization, monitoring system and emergency evacuation and rescue are analyzed based on relevant research results of disaster prevention and evacuation rescue projects in general areas and high altitude areas. Meanwhile, the research and development direction of fire spread and heat release rate, optimization of civil engineering parameters, applicability inspection and durability maintenance of equipment and facilities, and application of monitoring system in intelligent evacuation are put forward. Finally, the research contents that need to be further carried out in terms of 5 aspects mentioned above are proposed for tunnel development.