为确定铁路隧道竖井选址的关键性问题，分析煤矿行业立井井位选择的影响因素（如宏观选址和井口位置等决定性因素），对比铁路隧道竖井选址因素（包括辅助功能、地形条件、建井工程条件等方面），提出铁路竖井井位选择的特点，明确了需考虑区域水文地质条件、工程地质条件、局部地形条件以及井位与隧道平面关系的选址原则和要求。以大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道竖井为例，对选址的主控因素进行了详细阐述，包括： 施工组织需要确定的区域范围、地质条件细化井位的小区段、洞口场地条件适宜性确定的最终位置。最后，对铁路竖井井位选择的经验教训进行了总结、归纳，并提出如下建议： 1）与煤矿专业相比，铁路竖井井位选择的技术路线、地质条件的控制重点不同； 2）与铁路其他辅助坑道相比，铁路竖井更应重视工程地质条件的判识； 3）应重视建井期间地下水防治方案对井位选择的影响。总之，铁路竖井具有一定的工效优势和经济性，区域水文地质条件的准确判识是井位选择的关键因素，高黎贡山隧道深大竖井的修建，为铁路隧道辅助坑道提供了新的选择。

In this study, the factors influencing the selection of mining shaft location, such as macroscopic location and wellhead position, are analyzed; the factors influencing railway shaft location selection, including auxiliary function, terrain conditions, and shaftbuilding engineering conditions, are compared; the characteristics of the selected railway shaft location are put forward; and the shaft location selection principle and requirements of the regionalhydrogeological conditions, engineeringgeological conditions, local terrain conditions, and plane relationship between shaft and tunnel, are determined. Then, the main control factors for Gaoligongshan tunnel shaft selection of DaliRuili railway, which include regional scope determination for construction organization, short section of shaft location refined by geological conditions, and the final location determined by the feasibility of shaft site conditions, are discussed in detail. Finally, the findings from the railway shaft location selection are summarized, and suggestions are put forward as follows： (1) The technical route and key geological conditions for selecting railway shaft locations differ from that of the mining specialty. (2) Compared with other factors influencing the selection of railway shaft location, more attention should be paid to the judgment of geological conditions in shaft construction. (3) The influence of shaft dewatering should be considered. Overall, the accurate judgment of hydrogeological conditions is the key to railway shaft location selection. The successful implementation of deep and large shafts constructed for the Gaoligongshan tunnel can provide a new choice for auxiliary galleries.