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世界隧道工程技术发展主流趋势——安全、经济、绿色和艺术

  • 严金秀
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  • (中国中铁科学研究院有限公司, 四川 成都 610032)
严金秀(1964—),女,四川三台人,1997年毕业于西南交通大学,硕士,中国中铁科学研究院研究员、副总经理,国际隧道和地下空间协会(ITA)主席, 中国土木工程学会隧道和地下工程分会副理事长,国际隧道工程行业知名专家,享受国务院特殊津贴,从事隧道及地下工程研究和咨询工作。E-mail: jennyyan@vip.163.com。

网络出版日期: 2021-05-29

Development Trends in World Tunneling Technology: Safe, Economical, Green and Artistic

  • YAN Jinxiu
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  • (China Railway Academy Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610032, Sichuan, China)

Online published: 2021-05-29

摘要

近些年来世界隧道工程技术发展较快,突破性地建成多项宏伟的隧道工程,工程技术的主流趋势正朝着更加安全、经济、绿色和艺术等方向发展。在理论研究、工程设计、节能减排、新材料应用等诸多领域有较大进步。总结阐述其主要发展与进步,包括: 大断面软岩隧道通过超前加固实现机械化全断面开挖; 在硬岩、地质条件较好的软土地层隧道采用单层喷射混凝土衬砌; 采用纤维部分或全部取代钢筋混凝土管片; 隧道不仅可以是传统的单一功能隧道,而且还可以是复合的多功能隧道,如排洪和道路隧道、地铁和道路隧道等; 隧道在满足其主要功能的基础上,还可作为能源为附近的建筑供暖; 隧道和地下工程,特别是地铁车站应因地制宜设计,不仅要与周围环境相协调,而且要“强本减末”,减少装修,通过艺术设计实现混凝土结构与车站内其他设施的完美混搭。建议我国隧道技术不仅应该发挥隧道量的优势,还应把量的优势转化为质的优势、创新的优势和效益的优势,实现隧道建设从高速度发展到高质量发展的转变。

本文引用格式

严金秀 . 世界隧道工程技术发展主流趋势——安全、经济、绿色和艺术[J]. 隧道建设, 2021 , 41(5) : 693 -696 . DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2021.05.001

Abstract

In recent years, the world has witnessed a rapid development of tunneling technology, and many great tunnel projects have been built with technological breakthroughs. The apparent development trend is that the tunneling projects are becoming more safe, economical, green, and artistic. In many aspects, significant progress has been made, such as theoretical research, engineering design, energy saving and emission reduction, application of new materials, and other fields. The main development and progress of world tunneling technology are summarized as follows. (1) The mechanized fullface excavation of a soft rock tunnel is realized by providing advanced reinforcement. (2) A singlelayer concrete lining can be applied to the hard rock or even soft rock tunnels with good geologies. (3) The reinforced concrete segments can be partly or fully replaced by fiber concrete ones. (4) Tunnels with multiple functions, such as drainage plus highway tunnels and metro plus highway tunnels, can be realized. (5) Tunnels can supply heat for surrounding buildings. (6) Tunnels and underground works should be designed according to the surrounding environment, and any extra decoration should be reduced to realize perfect matching between concrete structures and facilities based on artistic design. It is suggested that China′s tunneling advantage in the quantity of tunnels built should be made use of to achieve advantages in quality, innovation, and costeffectieness, thus transforming the "highspeed" development to "highquality" development.
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