针对川藏铁路雅安至林芝段特殊地质背景下的高地应力软岩大变形、高地应力硬岩岩爆、高地温、活动断裂、富水构造带等不良地质问题，系统阐述了5种重大不良地质的工程特征和主要危害，在调研和分析国内外类似工程建设经验基础上，提出了相应的处置原则和工程对策： 1）软岩变形隧道遵循优化洞形、主动加固、分级控制、强化支护的处置原则； 2）岩爆隧道遵循预警先行、主动控制、多机少人、保证安全的处置原则； 3）高地温隧道遵循加强地质预报、热害分级防控、综合降温配套、合理适配材料、强化劳动保障的处置原则； 4）活动断裂段按照小震不坏、中震可修、大震不垮的总体设防目标，遵循预留空间、优化断面、节段设计、运营监测的处置原则； 5）高压富水构造带遵循超前长距离预报、超前泄水降压、超前堵水限排、超前围岩加固、加强支护结构、加强监测的处置原则。
田四明
,
王伟
,
唐国荣
,
黎旭
. Study on Countermeasures for Major Unfavorable Geological Issues of Tunnels on SichuanTibet Railway（川藏铁路隧道工程重大不良地质应对方案探讨）[J]. 隧道建设, 2021
, 41(5)
: 697
-712
.
DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2021.05.002
The unfavourable geological conditions of tunnels of
Ya′anNyingchi section of SichuanTibet railway, such as very high stress and soft rock deformation,
rockburst, high ground temperature, active fault, high pressure and water rich
tectonic zone, etc. are systematically expounded in this paper. Based on the research
and analysis of similar tunnel construction experience in China and abroad, the
corresponding treatment principle and engineering countermeasures are put
forward: tunnels in soft rock subject to deformation should be treated by
principle of optimizing tunnel crosssection shape,
active reinforcement, deformation control according to deformation grade, and
strengthening support; tunnel subject to rockburst should be treated by
principle of early warning first, active control, more machines and fewer people,
and ensuring safety; high temperature tunnel should be treated by principle of
strengthening geological prediction, classified prevention and control of heat
damage, comprehensive cooling, reasonable matching materials, and strengthening
labour safety; the overall goal for the active fault section is: the tunnel
will not be damaged by small earthquakes, it can be repaired after moderate
earthquakes, and it will not collapse after large earthquakes, and the
treatment principle are: reserve space, optimize cross section, design by
sections and promote operation monitoring; the highpressure
waterrich tectonic zone should be treated by principle
of longdistance prediction in advance, water discharge
and pressure reduction in advance, water stopping and drainage limitation in
advance, surrounding rock reinforcement in advance, support structure
strengthening and monitoring strengthening.
