为解决隧道内驾驶员视觉舒适性差及行车安全性低的问题，搭建新型路面亮度系数测量装置，通过测量红色、黄色、绿色3种路面样品的亮度系数，分析其反光性能；同时采用虚拟实验法，建立符合实际工程的实验模型以及测试视频，分析受试者在3种彩色路面与原始路面驾驶时的视点注视轨迹、瞳孔面积变化率等眼动特征。主要结论如下： 1)黄色样品的反光性能优于绿色与红色样品； 2)受试者在红色路面驾驶时视点最集中，黄色路面驾驶时最分散； 3）在红色路面驾驶时瞳孔面积变化率最大，其次是黄色； 4）综合考虑路面样品反光性能与驾驶员视觉舒适性、驾驶警示性等因素，在公路隧道中间段铺设黄色路面最有利于驾驶员的安全行驶。
To improve drivers′ visual comfort and safety in
tunnels, a set of new pavement luminance coefficient measuring devices are developed.
The reflection characteristics of samples are obtained by measuring the
luminance coefficients of red, yellow, and green pavement samples. Moreover,
virtual experiment method is employed to establish the experimental model and
test video in line with the actual project and analyze the eyemovement characteristics of the subjects, such as the locus of
fixations and pupil change rate, when driving on the three kinds of color
pavement and the original pavement. Results show the following. (1) The reflective
performance of the yellow sample is better than that of the green and red
samples. (2) When driving on the red pavement, the subjects′ viewpoints are the most concentrated, whereas they are the most
dispersed when driving on the yellow pavement. (3) When driving on the red
pavement, the rate of change in the subject′s pupil
area is the largest, followed by that in the yellow pavement. (4) Considering
the reflective performance of the pavement samples, drivers′ visual comfort, driving warning, and other factors, laying yellow
pavements in the middle section of highway tunnels is the most conducive to
drivers′ safety.
