TBM施工过程中遭遇的复杂地质条件越来越多，超前处置是减少和避免复杂地质条件下TBM施工过程中频繁卡机最可靠的途径。为此，结合TBM施工实践，从3个方面总结10项现有处置技术，用来应对破碎、软弱、富水、完整硬岩、岩爆等地质问题，分别为： 1）在掌子面或掌子面前方施作的掌子面超前处置技术，包含刀盘清理脱困、掌子面超前注浆、地表注浆和人造节理4项措施； 2）在护盾尾部或护盾后方施作的后置式超前处置技术，包含超前注浆、超前小导管加固和超前管棚加固3项措施； 3）从适当位置施作的导洞法超前处置技术，包含小导洞法、迂回导洞法和超前导洞应力释放法3项措施。针对TBM施工超前处置,提出5个方面的思考和建议： 1）减少TBM在不适宜地质洞段的施工占比； 2）提高TBM工法的地质适应性； 3）提高超前地质预报的准确性和及时性； 4）动态设计，合理决策； 5）健全规范、标准、定额等管理体系，促进TBM科学应用与推广。
An increasing number of complex geological conditions
are encountered during tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction; thus, advanced
treatment is required to reduce or avoid frequent TMB jamming under complex
geological conditions. In this study, 10
existing treatment techniques are reviewed to analyze geological problems such
as broken, weak, waterrich, complete, and hard rocks, as
well as rockburst. Advanced treatment techniques include (1) the advanced
treatment of and ahead of tunnel face, including cutterhead cleaning, advanced
grouting of tunnel face, surface grouting, and artificial joints; (2)
postpositioned advanced treatment techniques applied to the tail or behind
shields, including advanced grouting, advanced smallduct
grouting reinforcement, and advanced pipe shed reinforcement; and (3) advanced
treatment techniques of pilot tunnel methods applied to proper positions,
including the smallpilot tunnel method, pilot tunnel
method, and stress release method of pilot tunnels in advance. Advanced
treatment of TBM construction can be achieved by (1) reducing the construction
proportion of TBM in unfavorable geological tunnel sections; (2) improving the
geological adaptability of TBM construction methods; (3) improving the accuracy
and timeliness of advanced geological prediction; (4) creating dynamic designs
and performing rational decision making; and (5) improving management systems,
such as norms, standards, and quotas, and promoting the scientific application
and popularization of TBM.
