为降低刀具磨损和损坏现象的发生，提高施工效率，对刀具的合理使用方法、损坏原因和改善对策进行研究。以兰州水源地2标项目为例，对滚刀正常磨损到限更换数据进行统计，并计算分析滚刀的最大允许磨损量。总结出4个延长更换时间的措施： 刀盘喷水系统维护、TBM掘进姿态控制、新装刀具保护以及出渣口刮刀维护。通过对施工过程中非正常更换的滚刀数量进行统计，分析滚刀的结构形式、热处理工艺和组装工序，从轴肩结构和滚刀装配2方面提出优化措施： 1）一字型滚刀装配时端盖之间应压紧，不留间隙； 2）滚刀组装中采用酒精作为润滑剂，不影响装配质量。实践证明，刀具寿命延长措施的应用减少了其更换的数量和使用成本，提高了掘进效率。

 To reduce cutter wear and damage and improve the construction efficiency, a study is conducted on reasonable application, damage causes, and optimization techniques of cutters of tunnel boring machine(TBM). A statistical analysis on the replacement of worn disc cutters of TBM in Bid 2 project of Lanzhou water source, and the maximum allowable cutter wear is calculated. Four measures, cutterhead water spraying system maintenance, TBM tunneling attitude control, new cutter protection, and mucking outlet scraper maintenance, which can increase the service life of cutters are summarized. Meanwhile, the abnormal replaced cutters are also analyzed statistically, and the structure, heat treatment process, and assembly process of the disc cutters are analyzed. The optimization measures are put forward from the aspects of the shoulder structure and cutters assembly, which includes: (1) There should be no gap between the end caps when assembling the flat cutter. (2) Alcohol is used as a lubricant in the assembly of the disc cutter, which does not affect the assembly quality. The practical results show that the measures recommended can reduce the cutter replacement and cost and improve the tunneling efficiency.