为提高公路隧道火灾场景下人员疏散虚拟现实试验的生态效度，以内嵌Inside-out定位技术的VR（virtual reality）一体机为基础，研发公路隧道6DoF（six degrees of freedom）人员疏散试验系统。该系统应用于试验时，参与者可摆脱鼠标、手柄等控制及设备线缆的束缚，在虚拟场景中6自由度感知信息及自主行动完成试验，且系统可通过对参与者实时跟踪定位获取其速度特征数据。为验证该试验系统的有效性，采用该系统开展真实空地、虚拟空隧道和虚拟火灾事故隧道3种场景下的人员疏散试验，采集30名参与者在不同场景中的移动速度、移动轨迹与情绪反应、沉浸感、临场感等数据，并分别对比真实空地与虚拟空隧道、虚拟空隧道与虚拟火灾事故隧道中的试验结果。试验结果表明： 1）采用该系统进行疏散试验时，头戴VR设备未引起参与者的眩晕感； 2）参与者在虚拟火灾场景中具有较强的临场感，其情绪反应、移动轨迹、移动速度等与在真实场景中基本一致，说明该系统具有较好的应用有效性。
To improve the ecological validity of pedestrian
evacuation under fire in highway tunnels, a 6DoF pedestrian evacuation
experimental system based on the virtual reality(VR) allinone machine
embedded with Insideout positioning for highway
tunnels is developed. When the system was applied to the experiment, the
participants could get away from the constraints of mouse, handle, and other
control modes as well as equipment cables. The experiment was completed using
perception information and autonomous action of 6DoF in the virtual scene, and
the system could obtain the speed characteristic data of the participants
through realtime tracking and positioning. To validate
its effectiveness, the system was used to conduct evacuation experiments in
three scenarios: real open space, virtual empty tunnel, and virtual fire
accident tunnel. The data of 30 participants in different scenarios, including
movement speed, movement track, emotional response, immersion sense, and
presence sense, were collected. The experimental results of the real empty
space tunnel and virtual empty tunnel, and virtual empty tunnel and virtual
fire accident tunnel were compared. The experimental results indicate the
following: (1) The headwearing VR device did not cause
vertigo to participants. (2) The participants had a strong sense of presence in
the virtual fire scene, and the characteristics of their emotional response,
moving track, and moving speed were consistent with those in the real scene,
indicating that the system has good application effectiveness.
