为提高全长30.028 km某高原铁路隧道（Z隧道）出口段复杂地质条件下TBM施工效率和安全性，在分析隧道复杂地质及其对TBM施工危害的基础上，结合国内外TBM法隧道复杂地质施工经验，首次采用选项对比表形式综述复杂地质TBM施工关键技术，针对每项技术可适用的地质条件，以优选、可选、不适用3个选项予以标注，更便于对比分析和选用；进而针对该隧道复杂地质，提出如下6项关键技术，以解决断层破碎带、岩爆、软岩大变形情况下TBM顺利施工问题。1）前置式超前造孔技术可施作超前锚杆、超前注浆、超前小导管、超前管棚，可用于破碎围岩加固、强—极强岩爆预防； 2）在微振监测等岩爆预报手段的支持下，以超前钻机或锚杆钻机造孔，控制爆破超前释放应力可弱化岩爆等级与危害； 3）有别于喷射混凝土，便捷应急喷浆以高分子材料替代混凝土，喷射机械手安装于钢拱架安装器齿圈实现机械化施工，操作便捷、安全性高； 4）钢管片对于严重破碎地质具有很好的支护效果，并且可利用辅助推进油缸实现TBM持续缓速施工，避免长时间停机； 5）径向锚索与钢拱架、钢管片等形成联合支护体系，用于控制软岩大变形； 6）预留扩挖刀大尺度扩挖技术在大变形洞段可以实现更大扩挖量，预防TBM卡盾。上述技术，大多为新研发或者是新思路，实际应用效果有待于在施工实践中不断总结和完善。

To improve the efficiency and safety of tunnel boring machine(TBM) construction in complex geology of Z tunnel in a plateau railway with a total length of 31.085 km, the complex geology of Z tunnel and its effect on TBM construction are analyzed, and the key technologies of TBM construction in complex geology are summarized in the form of option comparison table for the first time based on the experience of TBM tunnel construction over the world. According to the applicable geological conditions of each technology, three options, preferred, optional, and inapplicable, are marked, which is more convenient for comparative analysis and selection. Furthermore, in view of the complex geology of Z tunnel, six key technologies are put forward to guarantee the smooth TBM construction under the conditions of fault fracture zone, rockburst, and large deformation of soft rock. The technologies adopted include: (1) The prereserved advance holedrilling technology, which can be used to construct advance anchor bolts, advance grouting, advance small conduits, and advance pipe sheds, as well as reinforce the broken surrounding rock and prevent strong to extremelystrong rockbursts. (2) The controlled blasting and stress releasing technology with the support of rockburst prediction method of microvibration monitoring, drilling holes with advance or anchor drilling machines, which can weaken the rockburst grade and reduce the harm. (3) Convenient and emergency shotcreting, which is different from conventional shotcreting, adopts polymer materials instead of concrete, and the shotcrete manipulator is installed on the gear ring of the steel arch installer to realize mechanized construction, which is convenient and safe to operate. (4) The steel pipe, which has a good supporting effect on severelybroken geology, and the auxiliary propulsion oil cylinder can be used to realize the continuous slow construction of TBM, so as to avoid longterm shutdown. (5) Combined support system of radial anchor cable and steel arch or steel pipe, which can control large deformation of soft rock. (6) Largescale expanding technology with reserved expanding cutter, which can realize larger expanding amount in large deformation tunnel section and prevent TBM shield from jamming. Most of the above technologies are new, the actual application effect needs to be constantly summarized and improved in the construction practice.