为探明激光破岩机制及其应用价值，对目前国内外有关激光破岩技术的研究成果进行归纳总结。首先，介绍激光和激光辅助破岩技术，初步认识激光破岩机制；
其次，从试验、理论和仿真这3个方面入手，总结激光破岩技术的研究方法，其中试验最能直观反映激光与岩石作用过程，观察破岩效果，但其难以实时监测和获取激光照射岩石过程中温度场和应力场等变化规律，而数值仿真方法则能获得试验难以或不可能测量的详细特征信息，从而为深入研究激光破岩机制提供有效指导；
随后，基于前述研究方法，以激光钻孔为例，从激光参数、岩石性质和工作环境与方式3方面出发，全面系统地分析激光破岩的重要影响因素；
最后，讨论激光破岩在隧道掘进领域的研究现状以及未来的发展方向。研究结果表明，激光破岩技术可以较好地应用于隧道掘进领域，极大提高隧道掘进效率，但目前有关激光辅助隧道掘进的研究尚处于实验室研究阶段，缺乏系统的研究设备和评判指标，后续应着重考虑完善激光辅助掘进设备破岩研究体系，系统、全面地进行激光辅助挖掘设备破岩研究。
Herein, the
research results related to the laserassisted rock breaking
technology in China and abroad are summarized to investigate its mechanism and
application value and provide effective theoretical guidance for researchers.
First, the definition of laser and laserassisted rock
breaking technology is introduced and the related mechanism is preliminarily
presented. Second, the research methods related to the technology are
summarized from the aspects of experiment, theory, and simulation. Experiments
can directly reveal the process of laserrock
interaction and the rock breaking effect; however, it is difficult to monitor
and obtain the variation law of temperature and stress fields during laser
irradiation on rocks in real time. Numerical simulation methods can provide
detailed characteristic information that is difficult or impossible to obtain
by experiments and thereby provide effective guidance for further research on
the laserassisted rock breaking mechanism. Third,
based on the aforementioned research methods and considering laser drilling as
an example, the important factors influencing laserassisted
rock breaking are comprehensively and systematically analyzed from the
following aspects: laser parameters, rock properties, working environment, and
methods. Finally, based on the research results related to the laserassisted rock breaking technology in the field of oil and gas
drilling, the research status of the technology in the field of tunnel excavation
and future development directions are discussed. The results show that the
technology can be well applied in the field of tunnel excavation and greatly
improves tunnel excavation efficiency. However, the current research on laserassisted tunnel excavation is still in the laboratory research
stage, and perfect research equipment and evaluation indicators are lacking. In
future, we should focus on improving the rock breaking research system of laserassisted tunneling equipment, and systematically and comprehensively
study rock breaking using laserassisted cutters.
