寒区铁路隧道冻害问题不仅威胁到隧道结构的稳定，同时给铁路安全运营带来巨大的安全隐患，其一直是寒区隧道工程的难点和研究热点，工程界迫切需要可靠、高效的防寒抗冻工程技术措施。首先，调研了我国寒区铁路隧道的建设及运营情况，总结分析了常见的隧道冻害现象，包括衬砌开裂掉块、拱顶挂冰、道床积冰、排水系统冻结等。然后，针对当前寒区隧道缺乏隧道温度场时空分布预测方法、隧道冻害机制和演化规律不清晰、防寒抗冻设计方法与治理技术不成熟这3个技术难点，对已取得的研究成果进行总结和讨论，相关成果如下： 1）研发了寒区隧道室内试验系统，结合大量的温度场相关实测数据，探明了温度场时空分布规律，建立了温度场预测方法； 2）研发了渗流试验设备，揭示了冻害产生的链发式机制，查明了排水系统冻结规律与冻融响应机制； 3）建立了寒区铁路隧道抗冻防寒设计标准，形成了隧道冻害综合防控体系。最后，展望了我国寒区铁路隧道防寒抗冻研究在防寒保温材料、主动保温系统、温度场规律预测等方面进一步深化研究的方向。
田四明
,
王伟
,
刘建友
,
徐湉源
,
张矿三
,
孙克国
. Research on and Prospect of Key Technologies of Frost-proofing and- Anti-freezing for Railway Tunnels in Cold Regions（寒区铁路隧道防寒抗冻关键技术研究与展望）[J]. 隧道建设, 2024
, 44(1)
: 21
-34
.
DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2024.01.002
The damages of railway tunnels in cold regions caused
by freezing not only jeopardize the stability of the tunnel structures, but
also bring huge potential safety hazards to the safe operation of the railways.
The freezinginduced damage has always been a challenge and a hot research topic
for tunnels in cold regions. The engineering community urgently needs reliable
and efficient engineering technical measures in aspect of frostproofing and antifreezing. In this paper,
the railway tunnels under construction or in operation in cold regions in China
are investigated, and the common freezinginduced
damages of tunnels, including the cracking and spalling of the lining, the
icicles on the tunnel crown, the ice accumulation in the track bed, and the
freezing of the drainage system, are summarized and analyzed; then, in view of
the three technical difficulties including the lack of the prediction method
for the spatiotemporal distribution of the temperature fields of the tunnels,
the unclear mechanism and evolution of the freezinginduced
damages of the tunnels, and the immature design method and treatment technology
for frostproofing and antifreezing,
the research results obtained so far are summarized and discussed. The relevant
achievements are as follows: (1) The indoor experimental system for tunnels in
cold regions is developed; the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of the
temperature fields is obtained on the basis of the extensive temperature field
data measured; the temperature field prediction method is established. (2) The
seepage experiment equipment is developed, the chaintype
mechanism of the freezinginduced damage is unveiled,
and the freezing pattern and the freezingthawing
response mechanism of the drainage system are identified. (3) The design
standard for the frostproofing and antifreezing of the railway tunnels in cold regions is established, and
a comprehensive prevention and control system for the freezinginduced damages of tunnels is formed. Finally, the development
direction of further researches on the frostproofing
and antifreezing of the railway tunnels in cold
regions is prospected, including the frostproofing and
thermalinsulating materials, the active thermalinsulation system, and the temperature field prediction.
