为解决天山胜利隧道4号通风竖井掘进水量大，造成无法施工的技术难题，考虑到富水大理岩地层倾角大、裂隙开度小、吃浆量弱的工程特征，构建陡倾斜大理岩增透引流注浆模型。基于广义宾汉流体本构方程，提出考虑大理岩裂隙浆液流变特征的扩散运移方程。根据方程可知，裂隙倾角、初次启劈压力、二次启劈压力、裂隙水压力、设计劈裂扩散距离及浆液黏度时变性是影响注浆压力的关键因素。在此基础上，确定关键注浆参数及其施工工艺，通过高压水脉冲式压裂增透岩体裂隙通道和引流注浆等关键技术，实现浆液在陡倾斜大理岩裂隙通道中的控制性扩散。地面预注浆治理后，运用简易水文观测、孔内电视、光纤测温3种手段对现场注浆堵水效果进行监测，地层揭露结果表明，竖井掘进掌子面处无明显渗水，注浆治理后的井筒涌水量低于1 m3/h，能确保天山胜利隧道4号通风竖井安全高效施工。
Massive water volume occurred during the excavation of
No. 4 ventilation shaft of the Tianshan Shengli tunnel, leading to the
construction stop. Considering the engineering characteristics of the large
inclination angle, small crack opening, and weak slurry intake of waterrich
marble strata, a steeply inclined marbleenhanced
permeability drainage grouting model is constructed. Then, based on the
generalized Bingham fluid constitutive equation, a diffusion transport equation
considering the rheological characteristics of marble fracture slurry is
proposed. The equation demonstrates that the inclination angle of the crack,
initial and secondary splitting pressures, crack water pressure, design
splitting diffusion distance, and timevarying
viscosity of the slurry are the key factors affecting the grouting pressure. On
this basis, key grouting parameters and construction techniques are determined,
and key technologies such as highpressure water pulse
fracturing to increase the permeability in rock fracture channels and drainage
grouting are used to achieve controlled diffusion of grout in steeply inclined
marble fracture channels. After ground pregrouting treatment, methods including
simple hydrological observation, borehole television, and fiber optic
temperature measurement are used to monitor the water blocking effect of onsite grouting. The geological exposure results demonstrate no
obvious water seepage at the excavation face of the vertical shaft, and the
water inflow of the shaft after grouting treatment remains under 1 m3/h, ensuring the safe and efficient construction of No. 4
ventilation shaft of the Tianshan Shengli tunnel. The engineering practice
shows that grouting water blocking technology based on enhanced splitting
drainage exhibits a remarkable effect, thus providing a novel idea for the
treatment of water inrush disasters in waterrich and
steep marble strata.
