复杂艰险山区铁路建设勘察、施工、运营维护难度大，沿线地质灾害频发。隧道进出口边仰坡地质灾害尤为突出，具有分散、多发、危害大等特点，成为制约铁路隧道建设及运营的关键风险因素。从隧道建设关口前移及全寿命周期风险防控理念出发，在洞口选址、进出洞施工及运营等阶段，交叉应用InSAR技术、低空无人机技术及层次分析法辅助边仰坡监测、地质灾害识别及危岩体风险评估，有助于系统、高效掌握隧址区地质灾害发育分布特征，尤其对隧址区边仰坡各类地质风险防控精准施策具有很强的针对性。经在成昆铁路复线等铁路隧道工程中的实际应用，超远程自动化监测精度达到毫米级，潜在或已发地质灾害识别精度大大提高，隧道边仰坡危岩体风险源辨识准确，能够有效指导隧道洞口地质风险防控。

The survey, construction, operation and maintenance of railway construction in complex and dangerous mountainous areas are difficult, and geological hazards along the line occur frequently. The geological hazards at slopes of the tunnel entrance and exit are particularly prominent, which are characterized by dispersion, frequent occurrence and great harm, and have become the key risk factors restricting the construction and operation of railway tunnels. Based on the concept of risk prevention and control of gateway forward and whole life cycle, InSAR technology, lowaltitude UAV technology, and analytic hierarchy process are applied to assist the monitoring of slopes, identification of geological hazards and risk assessment of dangerous rocks in the stages of site selection, tunnel access construction and operation. It is helpful to systematically and efficiently grasp the development and distribution characteristics of geological hazards in the tunnel site area, especially for the precise prevention and control of various geological risks on slopes of the tunnel site area. After the practical application in the ChengduKunming railway double track and other railway tunnel projects, the ultraremote automatic monitoring accuracy has reached millimeter level, the identification accuracy of potential or existing geological disasters has been greatly improved, and the identification accuracy of dangerous rock risk sources on the tunnel slope can effectively guide the geological risk prevention and control at the tunnel portal.