为解决传统沉井工法施工效率低、地质适应性差的问题，提出一种机械法开挖的沉井掘进机，即采用截割滚筒开挖岩土、抓斗或泥浆泵出渣。通过提压装置将预制管片拼装成的井筒有控制地下沉，掘排同步施工实现一次性成井。系统介绍沉井掘进机的工作原理、系统构成和主机参数，并阐述井筒提压纠偏、自由断面开挖轮廓控制等关键技术，总结出一套与掘进机相匹配的施工工艺。最后通过模拟不同工况和地质情况，对整机进行全工序的功能性试验验证，试验结果证明沉井掘进机的整机性能满足设计要求。

 In order to solve the issues of low efficiency and poor geological adaptability for the traditional caisson construction method, a kind of mechanical excavation caisson boring machine is proposed, that is, cutting drum is used to excavate rock and soil, grab bucket or slurry pump mucking. The wellbore assembled with prefabricated segments is controlled to sink through the pressure lifting device, and onetime well formation is realized by the simultaneous construction of excavation and drainage. The authors systematically introduce the working principle, system composition, and main engine parameters of caisson boring machine, and elaborate the key technologies such as wellbore pressure lifting and deviation correction, free section excavation contour control, and summarize a set of construction technology matching with the boring machine. Finally, by simulating different working conditions and geological conditions, the whole process of the integrated machine functional test verification is performed, which proves that the performance of the caisson boring machine can meet the design requirements.