为便于选择TBM施工物料运输方式，以铁路隧道为工程背景，首先，简要总结有轨运输和无轨运输2种运输方式的特点及其工程应用情况； 然后，根据施工实践拟定典型工况，研究典型工况下的运输方案及设备配置，并从设备配置和工期2个方面对有轨运输和无轨运输进行详细对比分析。研究结果表明： 1）有轨运输和无轨运输在铁路隧道TBM施工中技术上都是可行的，总工期无明显差异。2）我国配合TBM施工的内燃机车质量明显不高且突破难度较大，应努力提升电动机车的工程适应性、可靠性、耐久性以及人性化设计；同时，需要规范有轨运输设备配置要求、轨道铺设和维护质量，以提升有轨运输的效率。3）需要研究适合TBM施工工况且成本低、通用性好的无轨运输设备。

Material transport is a crucial auxiliary process when employing a hard rock tunnel boring machine(TBM) for tunnel construction. Currently, the main transport methods are rail and trackless transport. To rationally select a proper material transport method under various working conditions, the authors use railway tunnels as an example, and summarize the characteristics and applications of rail and trackless transport. Typical working conditions are set based on years of construction practice, and the transport scheme and equipment configuration are investigated. In addition, a detailed comparative analysis of these two methods regarding the construction period and cost is conducted. The research results are as follows: (1) Both rail and trackless transport are technically feasible for railway tunnels constructed with hard rock TBM, and they do not affect the total construction period. (2) The quality of internal combustion locomotives produced by China is still low, necessitating improvements in engineering applicability, feasibility, and durability. The equipment configuration, rail laying, and maintenance should be highly standardized to enhance rail transport efficiency. (3) Specialized or universal trackless transport equipment suitable for the working conditions of tunnel projects bored with hard rock TBMs and at low cost should be designed and developed.