覆盖层厚度设计是建设水下盾构隧道的关键环节之一。覆盖层厚度过小，围岩在施工扰动下易发生失稳，引起塌方、突水等灾害；覆盖层厚度过大，则会对工程预算与工期提出更高的要求。通过文献调研，结合已有实际水下盾构隧道工程案例，对现有合理覆盖层厚度设计和计算方法进行研究与总结。得出： 1）水下盾构隧道设计方法主要分为理论分析法和数值模拟法; 2）根据隧道结构稳定分析侧重点不同，理论分析法可分为考虑抗浮稳定性设计方法和考虑掌子面稳定性设计方法; 3）现阶段水下盾构隧道合理覆盖层厚度的设计方法多基于数值模拟和理论分析，对实际工程工况进行一定程度的简化，且未能全面考虑复杂建（构）筑物环境、施工工艺以及隧道自身结构特性的影响，覆盖层厚度的研究深度和设计方法的适用性仍需进一步提高； 4）目前，富水环境下盾构隧道最小覆盖层厚度的研究内容已较为丰富，但与实际工程的结合较为困难。未来的研究应进一步考虑施工的经济性、施工流程、复杂环境条件、结构寿命及智慧建造平台等方面。
刘汉龙
,
姜佳奇
,
刘智成
,
仉文岗
,
孙伟鑫
,
杨文钰
,
刘冒佚
,
吴岱峰
,
储亮
,
张涛
. Review of Design and Calculation Methods for Minimum Overburden Thickness of Shield Tunnels in Water-Rich Environment（富水环境下盾构隧道最小覆盖层厚度设计与计算方法综述）[J]. 隧道建设, 2024
, 44(6)
: 1127
-1144
.
DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2024.06.001
One of the key aspects of
the construction of underwater shield tunnels lies in the design of the
overburden thickness. A substantially small thickness of the overburden layer
increases the instability tendency of surrounding rocks under construction disturbance,
causing disasters such as collapse and water inrush. By contrast, an
excessively large thickness will necessitate higher requirements for the project budget and construction period. The authors, supplemented with a
comprehensive review of literature and insights from real world underwater tunnel engineering cases, systematically study and
review the current rational design and calculation methodologies for overburden
thickness. The content is crucial in ensuring the safety and stability of the
underwater shield tunnel structure and smooth progress of the project, which
can provide a reference for follow-up research and
engineering practice. Several key findings are as follows: (1) Theoretical
analysis and numerical simulation methods are included in the design
methodologies for underwater shield tunnels. (2) Theoretical analysis methods
are divided based on the focus of stability analysis, differentiating between
those accounting for antifloating and tunnel face stability. (3) Current design
methodologies for reasonable overburden thickness in underwater shield tunnels primarily rely on numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. However, these
approaches oversimply actual engineering conditions, disregarding the nuanced
influence of complex building environments, construction technology, and the
intrinsic structural characteristics of the tunnel. Consequently, the research
depth of overburden thickness and the applicability of design methodologies can
be improved by conducting further research. (4) Currently available research on
the minimum overburden thickness of shield tunnels in water-rich environments has been abundant, but its integration with the
actual engineering is difficult. Overall, the aspects of construction economy,
construction process, complex environmental impact, structural life, and
intelligent construction platform should be further considered in future
research.
