为研究特高海拔寒区隧道温度场的时空分布特征及其变化规律，以青藏高原西北部喀喇昆仑高山区的黑恰隧道为依托工程，首先，在现场建立包括气象要素在内的寒区隧道远程自动监测系统，对特高海拔寒区隧道温度场演化规律进行分析研究；其次，提出考虑湍流对流传热和热传导作用下的隧道三维数值模型，利用现场监测数据验证该模型的准确性；最后，讨论铺设保温层前后隧道温度场的变化特性。研究结果表明： 1）在距进口0 ~270 m隧道受到冻融作用影响，洞内气温与衬砌温度呈线性正相关关系； 2）隧道洞内气温对隧道径向温度场的影响主要体现在衬砌和浅层围岩； 3）在最冷月平均气温方面，不同类型寒区隧道温度大小关系为特高海拔＜高纬度＜高海拔，在最大冻结深度方面，不同类型寒区隧道最大冻结深度大小关系为特高海拔＞高纬度＞高海拔； 4）铺设保温隔热层后，保温层对衬砌与围岩起到良好的保温作用。

A case study is conducted on the Heiqia tunnel in the Karakoram alpine region in the northwest of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau to examine the tempo-spatial distribution characteristics and variation rules of the temperature field of the tunnels in extremely high-altitude cold regions. First, a remote automatic monitoring system, including meteorological elements, is established on-site to collect temperature data. Second, a three-dimensional numerical model of the tunnel is proposed, considering the effects of turbulence on heat transfer and conduction, and the accuracy of the model is validated by monitoring the data. Finally, the variational characteristics of the tunnel temperature field before and after laying the insulation layer are analyzed. The results show the following: (1) Freeze-thaw action in the range of 0－270 m from the entrance affects the tunnel, and a linear positive correlation exists between the air temperature in the tunnel and the lining temperature. (2) The influence of air temperature on the radial temperature field of the tunnel is primarily reflected in the lining and shallow surrounding rock. (3) The average temperature of the coldest month in the high-altitude region is the highest, followed by that in the high-latitude region, and that in the extremely high-altitude region is the lowest, whereas the maximum freezing depth presents the inverse order. (4) The thermal insulation layer plays a positive role in insulating the lining and surrounding rock.