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施工技术

地铁隧道钢管片自动焊接技术研究

  • 蒋涛
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  • (上海隧道工程有限公司, 上海 200032)

蒋涛(1987—),男,安徽宿州人,2020年毕业于上海交通大学,电子科学与技术专业,博士,工程师,主要从事隧道预制构件设计以及自动化设备开发工作。 E-mail: 495750173@qq.com。

网络出版日期: 2024-12-12

Automatic Welding Technology for Steel Segment Lining of Metro Tunnel

  • JIANG Tao
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  • (Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200032, China)

Online published: 2024-12-12

摘要

为解决人工焊接隧道钢管片存在的焊接质量不可控、效率低等问题,对钢管片自动焊接技术进行研究。在传统自动焊接技术的基础上,引入3D机器视觉传感技术对钢管片角接缝进行识别,实现焊接路径的补偿和纠偏;同时,结合钢管片焊缝特征数字模拟、接缝识别编码与焊接工艺,对钢管片自动焊接成型工艺进行优化。研究结果表明: 1)在3D机器视觉传感技术辅助下,采用自动焊接技术可以实现对钢管片角接缝的准确识别,与人工焊接相比,自动焊接得到的焊缝外观连续、美观、均匀性好,且焊缝内部无微观裂纹、微气孔等缺陷;钢管片腹式结构底部角焊缝交叉顶角过渡圆滑美观,经0.6 MPa加压保压后焊缝未出现渗水。2)自动焊接试验效率为单工位45 h/块,在保证焊接质量的前提下,通过焊接工艺优化与多机械手协作,自动焊接效率有望提升到20 h/块甚至更高。

本文引用格式

蒋涛 . 地铁隧道钢管片自动焊接技术研究[J]. 隧道建设, 2024 , 44(11) : 2283 -2292 . DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2024.11.018

Abstract

The manual welding of tunnel steel segment linings is characterized by uncontrollable welding quality and low efficiency. To address these issues, three-dimensional(3D) machine vision technology is employed to identify weld joints in steel segment linings, enhancing traditional automatic welding technology through compensation and deviation correction. The automatic welding process is further refined by incorporating digital simulation of weld characteristics, joint identification, coding, and welding techniques. The findings indicate the following: (1) Assisted by 3D visual sensing technology, automatic welding achieves precise identification of weld joints in steel segment linings. In comparison to manual welding, joints welded automatically are continuous, neat, and uniform, exhibiting no micro-cracks or micropores. Additionally, the cross top angle of the weld joint at the bottom corner of the steel chamber structure is smooth and neat, with no leakage observed after water pressure testing at 0.6 MPa. (2) During the current testing phase, the automatic welding efficiency is 45 h per block simplex. Following welding process optimization and manipulator adjustments, this efficiency is projected to improve to 20 h per block simplex.
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