Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology for Instantaneous Rock Bursts in Deep-Buried Drilling and Blasting Tunnels&nbsp;in Plateau Areas and Its Application（高原深埋钻爆隧道即时型岩爆综合防控技术及应用）

赵勇; 田源; 常帅鹏; 钟佑明; 张景

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2024.12.001

隧道建设 >

2024 , Vol. 44 >Issue 12: 2293 - 2306

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2024.12.001

研究与探索

Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology for Instantaneous Rock Bursts in Deep-Buried Drilling and Blasting Tunnels in Plateau Areas and Its Application（高原深埋钻爆隧道即时型岩爆综合防控技术及应用）

赵勇 ,
田源 ,
常帅鹏 ,
钟佑明 ,
张景

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(1. 西藏铁路建设有限公司，西藏林芝 860000; 2. 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司，陕西西安 710043)

赵勇(1969—),男,河南夏邑人,1991年毕业于石家庄铁道大学,隧道与地下工程专业,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事隧道及地下工程领域的科学研究、设计技术咨询和工程管理等工作。E-mail: jdzxzhaoyong@sina.com。

网络出版日期: 2025-01-11

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Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology for Instantaneous Rock Bursts in Deep-Buried Drilling and Blasting Tunnels in Plateau Areas and Its Application

ZHAO Yong ,
TIAN Yuan ,
CHANG Shuaipeng ,
ZHONG Youming ,
ZHANG Jing

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(1. Tibet Railway Construction Co., Ltd., Nyingchi 860000, Xizang, China; 2. China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi′an 710043, Shaanxi, China)

Online published: 2025-01-11

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摘要

为解决我国西部高原区域极高构造应力和复杂地质环境下超大埋深钻爆法隧道硬岩岩爆问题，通过对高原铁路钻爆法隧道即时型岩爆发生时空特征规律的系统性统计分析，构建以“精准探-准确辨-主动控-系统防-长期测-动态管”为核心的全过程、全时域的岩爆综合防控技术体系。分析结果表明： 1）高地应力环境是岩爆产生的主要因素，且集中为爆破开挖后8 h内的即时型岩爆，多发生于掌子面附近1倍洞径范围内。2）即时型岩爆隧道主要依据“主动控”和“系统防”相结合的方式进行综合防控，其中，主动控制方式主要包括施作超前应力释放孔、控制光爆效果和开挖进尺、采用钢纤维喷射混凝土和预应力锚杆的锚喷主动支护体系以及型钢钢架和消能防护网一体化施工；系统防护方式包括全工序大型机械化施工、人员和设备防护。

关键词： 深埋隧道; 即时型岩爆; 时空特征; 综合防控; 主动支护

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赵勇 , 田源 , 常帅鹏 , 钟佑明 , 张景 . Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology for Instantaneous Rock Bursts in Deep-Buried Drilling and Blasting Tunnels in Plateau Areas and Its Application（高原深埋钻爆隧道即时型岩爆综合防控技术及应用）[J]. 隧道建设, 2024 , 44(12) : 2293 -2306 . DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2024.12.001

Abstract

This study addresses the challenges posed by hard rock bursts in drilling and blasting tunnels, particularly under extra deep burial depth, extreme tectonic stress, and complex geological conditions in the western plateau areas of China. A comprehensive rock burst prevention and control technology system that spans the entire process and time domain was developed. This system emphasizes accurate detection, precise identification, active control, systematic protection, long-term monitoring, and dynamic management. It is grounded in systematic statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics of instantaneous rock bursts occurring in drilling and blasting tunnels on plateau railways. The analysis results indicate that: (1) The high geostress environment is the primary factor contributing to rock bursts, with instantaneous rock bursts occurring within 8 hours after blasting excavation primarily found within a range of one tunnel diameter near the working face. (2) Comprehensive prevention and control of instantaneous rock bursts in tunnels rely on a combination of active control and systematic protection. Active control measures include the implementation of advance stress relief holes, the management of smooth blasting outcomes and excavation lengths, the use of a shotcrete-bolting active support system consisting of steel fiber shotcrete and prestressed rock bolts, and integrated construction of profile steel frames and energy dissipation protection nets. Systematic protection focuses on large-scale mechanized construction, personnel, and equipment across all the processes.

Key words： deep-buried tunnel; instantaneous rock burst; spatial and temporal characteristics; comprehensive prevention and control; active support

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