为解决超大埋深软岩隧道工程中，由于地应力高、围岩软，导致隧道极易产生严重的大变形灾害，造成初期支护频繁拆换等问题，以滇藏铁路丽香线哈巴雪山隧道工程为例，研究超大埋深软岩隧道大变形特征、机理及控制技术，分析隧道大变形特征，阐释超大埋深软岩隧道大变形机理，提出“超前应力释放+长短锚杆结合+强注浆+多层支护”的大变形隧道控制技术。哈巴雪山大变形特征主要体现在掌子面易失稳、支护变形速率快、变形量大及结构破坏严重。通过采取控制措施，哈巴雪山隧道大变形现象得到了有效控制，实测表明隧道掌子面挤出变形减小60%以上，隧道变形量减小40%以上，且结构受力显著减小，围岩压力及接触压力均小于结构设计荷载（按1.0 MPa设计）。

Super-deep soft rock tunnels are prone to extensive deformations owing to high in-situ stresses and the presence of soft surrounding rock, often necessitating frequent replacement of primary supports. The authors focus on the Haba Snow Mountain tunnel project on the Lijiang-Shangri-la line of the Yunnan-Xizang railway. Specifically, the characteristics, mechanisms, and control techniques of large deformations in deep soft rock tunnels are examined. The large deformation characteristics of the selected tunnel are analyzed, and the mechanisms underlying these deformations are elucidated. A control technique involving advance stress relief, a combination of long and short anchor bolts, intensive grouting, and multi-layered support is proposed. Large deformations in the Haba Snow Mountain tunnel primarily manifest in the form of tunnel face instability, a rapid rate of support deformation, large deformation amplitudes, and severe structural damage. Implementing the proposed control measures effectively controls these large deformation phenomena. Measurement results indicate the following: The extrusion deformation of the tunnel face drops by over 60%, the overall tunnel deformation declines by over 40%, structural stress is considerably reduced, and the surrounding rock and contact pressures are lower than the structural design load of 1.0 MPa.