渗漏水是铁路隧道防排水系统工作性能降低的直观体现，对铁路隧道安全运营影响显著。为降低隧道渗漏水病害的发生概率，采用文献调研、现场调研、模型试验和现场试验等研究方法，总结归纳铁路隧道防排水系统不同阶段存在的问题，探讨设计优化、施工质量控制、材料性能要求和排水系统维护等防排水性能保障措施。研究结果表明： 1）设计阶段应采用防排水板、排水型自粘背贴式止水带和仰拱下排水系统等措施，解决排水能力不足、中埋止水带切割衬砌的问题。2）施工阶段应推广粘贴式铺挂工艺，避免防水板热熔焊穿风险；应加强排水系统接头、止水带卡具固定等精细化施工要求，提高防排水系统施工质量。3）材料阶段应明确防水板阻燃性能、土工布防降解、排水盲管防结晶、耐高温等关键性能要求，以适应复杂环境隧道工程使用要求。4）运营阶段应采用U形防结晶密封器和微型机械疏通设备，作为保障排水系统通畅的主要手段。
Water leakage in railway
tunnels signifies a decline in the performance of tunnel waterproofing and
drainage systems, which compromises their safe operation. To mitigate such
water leakage issues, the authors identify existing challenges in tunnel waterproofing
and drainage systems at various stages through a literature review, on-site investigations, model testing, and field testing. Subsequently,
measures to ensure effective waterproofing and drainage are discussed,
including design optimization, construction quality control, material
performance specifications, and drainage system maintenance. The research
findings are summarized as follows: (1) During the design phase, measures such
as constructing waterproof drainage boards, drainage-type
self-adhesive back-adhesive
waterstops, and inverted arch drainage systems enhance drainage capacity and
prevent the lining from being compromised by buried waterstops. (2) During the
construction phase, promoting the adhesive laying and hanging process minimizes
the risk of hot welding penetration of waterproof boards. Additionally,
implementing precise construction practices, such as strengthening drainage
system joints and securely fixing waterstop clamps, improves the overall
construction quality of waterproofing and drainage systems. (3) During the
material stage, distinctly outlining key performance requirements, including
flame retardancy of waterproof boards, anti-degradation
properties of geotextiles, anti-crystallization
properties of drainage blind pipes, and high-temperature
resistance, helps meet the demands of complex tunnel engineering environments.
(4) During the operational phase, using U-shaped anti-crystallization seals and micro-mechanical
dredging equipment helps maintain smooth and functional drainage systems.
