大量现场调研与文献调研发现，寒区公路隧道冻害问题比较突出，并影响隧道结构与运营安全。文章通过探讨寒区隧道冻害现象及成因，总结其设计理念及思路，并围绕隧道防冻设防长度确定方法、冻胀力计算方法、防冻措施应用现状及实施效果等进行综合分析，得出： 1）寒区隧道应遵循“以防为主、以抗为辅、防抗结合”的防冻设防设计理念； 2）针对地下水发育的寒区公路隧道，宜根据最冷月平均气温进行分级设防防冻； 3）采用经验分析法初步确定寒区隧道防冻设防长度具备一定的可行性，但还应根据现场温度实测数据对防冻设防长度进行修正； 4）寒区隧道冻胀力现有计算模型在实际应用中尚存在不足，考虑冻结圈围岩非均匀冻胀的计算方法相对较为符合工程实际； 5）寒区隧道防冻设计应重点妥善处理“温度”和“地下水”这2个要素，主要从保（升）温措施及排水系统防冻措施2个方面开展，指出寒区隧道保（升）温措施的局限性及下一步的研究方向，并提出不同防冻设防等级下隧道排水系统防冻措施的设置原则。在此基础上，提出下一步可以针对基于多因素影响的温度场分布规律、冻害机制、防冻保温材料、新型主动保温措施等方面开展深入研究，以解决寒区隧道建设面临的技术问题。

Investigation shows that highway tunnels in cold regions have severe freezing-induced damages,  which affect the safety of the tunnel structure and the tunnel operation seriously. In this study, the freezing-induced damages of tunnels in cold regions, as well as the causes for the damages, are discussed, the concept and approach for the anti-freezing design of the tunnels are summarized, and the calculation methods for the anti-freezing fortification length, the calculation methods for the frost heaving forces, and the status and effect of the application of the anti-freezing measures for tunnels in cold regions are analyzed. Conclusions drawn are as follows: (1) The design concept that "freezing prevention shall be taken as the main measure, frost heaving force resistance shall be taken as the supplementary measure, and the freezing prevention measures and the frost heaving force resistance measures shall be coordinated" shall be adopted for the anti-freezing of tunnels in cold regions. (2) For highway tunnels in cold regions where the groundwater is developed, graded anti-freezing should be designed according to the average temperature in the coldest month. (3) The anti-freezing fortification length determined by the empirical analysis method has certain feasibility, however, it shall be further modified according to the temperature data measured in the field. (4) The calculation model for the frost heaving force on the tunnels in the cold regions has shortcomings in practical engineering applications, while the calculation method considering the non-uniform frost heaving of the freezing circle of the surrounding rock is relatively consistent with the engineering practice. (5) The anti-freezing design of tunnels in cold regions shall focus on the proper handling of the temperature and the groundwater, i.e., the measures for temperature keeping/increasing and the measures for the anti-freezing of the drainage system. Furthermore, the limitations of the temperature keeping/increasing measures and the directions of further researches thereof are pointed out, and the principles for the arrangement of the anti-freezing measures for drainage systems of tunnels under different fortification grades are put forward. Additionally, the key points of the development trends of the anti-freezing technologies for tunnels in cold regions, such as the distribution pattern of the temperature field under intricate factors, the mechanism of the freezing-induced damages, the thermal-insulation materials, and the new thermal-insulation measures, are proposed to solve the problem of the freezing-induced damages of tunnels in cold regions.