为解决施工隧道开挖区围岩变形自动化监测系统实施过程中临时取电困难的问题，对现场数据采集终端开展设备低功耗设计技术研究。采用低功耗硬件和软件设计策略，研制出一套适用于隧道施工现场的数据采集终端，可满足电池供电的长续航需求。针对激光传感器在测量围岩收敛变形过程中易被现场大型施工机具遮挡光线而影响测量准确性的问题，采用动态调整采集周期的方法，即： 当实时数据超出正常读数阈值时，提高数据采集频率，确保障碍物移走后及时获取现场有效数据。另外，采用分时按需供电的低功耗设计策略，根据实时数据有效性制定各电路单元、传感器的运行和关闭时间，避免所有电路单元同时运行。试验结果表明： 1）基于分时按需的供电策略，相较于一般的自动化监测系统可降低能耗约20%； 2）基于动态调频与低功耗的协同控制策略，在提升数据采集频率的同时，可有效降低能耗，实现数据采集的高效与节能双重目标。

Temporary power supply during the implementation of the automated monitoring system for surrounding rock deformation in the excavation area of a construction tunnel is difficult. To address this issue, a low-power design technology is used in the on-site data acquisition terminal. Low-power hardware and software design strategies are employed to develop and design a set of data acquisition terminal suitable for tunnel construction sites, this terminal meets the long-term battery power supply requirements. Laser sensors are easily obstructed by large construction equipment on site during the measurement of convergence deformation of surrounding rocks, which affects measurement accuracy. Thus, the collection cycle is dynamically adjusted. When real-time data exceeds the normal reading threshold, the data collection frequency is increased to ensure timely acquisition of effective on-site data after obstacles are removed. Furthermore, a low-power design strategy of time-sharing and on-demand power supply is adopted, and the operation and shutdown time of each circuit unit and sensor are determined based on the effectiveness of real-time data, avoiding simultaneous running of all circuit units. The experimental results show that: (1) The power supply strategy based on time-sharing and on-demand reduces energy consumption by approximately 20% compared to general automated monitoring systems; (2) The collaborative control strategy based on dynamic frequency modulation and low power consumption effectively reduces energy consumption while increasing data acquisition frequency, achieving high efficiency and energy conservation in data acquisition.