针对敞开式TBM传统刀座零部件较多、更换复杂、无法快速拆装刀具的问题,分析传统刀具楔块拉紧刀轴的受力特点,进行减少刀座零部件安装的旋转摩擦体新型刀座设计,实现人工或者机器人快速拆装刀具。利用有限元软件和接触理论,建立刀座紧固力学模型,研究新型刀座整体、滚刀刀轴、内旋转块、刀箱以及压紧块的应力与变形量情况，并开展新型刀座的足尺破岩验证试验和新型刀座用刀轴的分级静载试验。试验结果表明： 旋转摩擦体新型刀座具有较高的可靠性，其换刀效率较传统刀座提升了45%左右。

The traditional cutter holder of tunnel boring machines has vast components and its replacement actions are complex, leading to inefficient cutter disassembly and assembly. Thus, the authors analyze the force characteristics of traditional cutter wedges when tightening the cutter shaft, and design a novel type of cutter holder with rotating friction bodies to reduce the installation of cutter holder components, achieving rapid disassembly and assembly of cutters by manual or robot. Using finite element technology and contact theory, a mechanical model for cutter holder fastening is established, and the stress and strain of the entire cutter holder, disc cutter shaft, internal rotating block, cutter box, and clamping block are examined. Additionally, a full-scale rock breaking test and graded static load test are conducted for the novel cutter holder. The experimental results show that the novel cutter holder has a 45% increase in cutter replacement efficiency compared to traditional cutter holders, indicating its high feasibility.