地下工程存在工艺流程繁琐、建设周期长及工程经济性不理想等问题，阻碍工程建设向更智能、更绿色、更安全的方向发展。预制装配式建造技术智能化程度高、施工效率高、施工环境好，可为地下工程智能建造提供有效解决方案。通过总结国内外地下工程领域装配式技术研究与应用现状，指出当前管廊工程、地铁车站及盾构隧道等领域技术成熟度相对较高，但铁路隧道（尤其是钻爆法隧道）仍面临设计理论碎片化、规范标准缺失、经济性分析不足等问题。围绕钻爆法铁路隧道装配式结构型式设计、构件接头力学性能试验、施工及拼装工艺、工程应用及力学性能试验4部分进行全面分析，得出如下结论： 1）开展钻爆法隧道衬砌结构、隧底结构以及明洞结构分块方案标准化设计，通过仿真计算验证了所提出的预制结构方案满足设计安全需求； 2）通过平接、榫接及直、曲、斜、无螺栓接头力学性能试验，在考虑安全性和便捷性时认为曲螺栓最优； 3）钻爆法隧道预制结构需采用定制化机械装备完成精准快速拼装，对于隧底结构可采用精平垫层工艺保证拼装精度； 4）预制隧底结构在5~20 Hz变频及400万次疲劳激振力作用下结构安全可靠，构件间榫槽连接配合充液式条囊密封垫可保障装配式明洞结构的防水性。

The complexity of process flows, prolonged construction periods, and economic challenges in underground engineering have hindered the development of smarter, greener, and safer construction techniques. Prefabricated construction technology offers a promising solution with its high level of intelligence, efficiency, and improved working conditions. A review of its research and application status in underground engineering, domestically and internationally, indicates significant advancements in utility tunnels, metro stations, and shield tunneling. However, drill-and-blast railway tunnels face limitations such as fragmented design theories, lack of standardization, and inadequate economic evaluations. This study focuses on four critical aspects, namely structural system design, joint mechanical performance testing, construction and assembly techniques, and engineering application with performance monitoring. The study yields the following findings: (1) A standardized modular design for drill-and-blast tunnel linings, inverts, and open-cut structures is developed, with finite element simulations confirming compliance with safety thresholds. (2) Experimental tests on flat, mortise and tenon, and various bolted connections (including straight, curved, oblique, and bolt-free variants) reveal that curved bolts provide the best balance between structural integrity and assembly efficiency. (3) Customized mechanical equipment is essential for ensuring the precise and efficient assembly of prefabricated structures in drill-and-blast tunnels, with leveling cushion layers recommended to ensure invert alignment accuracy. (4) Field tests confirm that prefabricated inverts maintain structural stability under dynamic loads ranging from 5 to 20 Hz, enduring 4 million fatigue cycles. Furthermore, mortise-groove interlocking combined with fluid-inflated strip seals ensures watertight performance in open-cut structures.