对截至2024年底中国铁路隧道、高速铁路隧道、特长铁路隧道情况进行统计。
结果显示，截至2024年底，中国铁路营业里程达到16.2万km，其中，投入运营的铁路隧道18 997座，总长24 246 km；2024年新增开通运营线路铁路隧道424座，总长738 km；在建铁路隧道2
521座，总长约6 905 km；规划铁路隧道5 634座，总长约13 742 km。中国已投入运营的高速铁路总长超过4.8万km，共建成高速铁路隧道4 917座，总长8 279 km，其中，长度大于10 km的特长隧道120座，长约1 536 km； 2024年新增运营有隧道工程项目的高速铁路共12条，总长1
981 km，共有隧道356座，长约544 km；在建高速铁路共58条，总长9 866 km，共有隧道1
412座，长约3 509 km；规划高速铁路项目中含隧道2
057座，长约4 843 km。中国投入运营的特长铁路隧道共296座，长约4 007 km，其中，长度20 km以上的特长铁路隧道14座，长约335 km；2024年新增运营特长铁路隧道10座，长约138 km；在建特长铁路隧道163座，长约2 504 km；规划特长铁路隧道259座，长约3 633 km。最后，对2024年新开通的重点项目佛莞城际铁路、成兰铁路、兰张三四线铁路和池黄铁路隧道的概况及特点进行介绍，并总结其技术经验。佛莞城际铁路通过地质选线，管片采用“双掺”技术、设置分布式凹凸榫等措施，有效降低了隧道施工安全风险；成兰铁路德胜隧道制定了大变形综合防治体系，并研发了双线合修隧道洞内救援站，提升了隧道变形防控和疏散救援能力；兰张三四线铁路借鉴既有施工经验，通过减灾选线和综合利用既有辅助坑道，显著降低了施工及运营期间的安全风险；池黄铁路隧道成功应用掌子面围岩质量分析技术，保障了隧道施工安全。中国在复杂环境下的大直径盾构隧道建造技术日趋成熟，应对复杂地质条件的隧道设计施工水平进一步提高，钻爆法隧道全工序机械化水平得到有效提升。
巩江峰
,
王伟
,
黎旭
,
何卫
,
袁溢
,
王芳
,
杨昌贤
,
丁祥
,
韩贺
,
李力
,
曹勇
. Statistics of China′s Railway Tunnels by the End of 2024 and Overview of Tunnels of New Projects in 2024（截至2024年底中国铁路隧道情况统计及2024年新开通项目隧道情况介绍）[J]. 隧道建设, 2025
, 45(3)
: 636
-653
.
DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2025.03.019
The authors present
statistical data on tunnels respectively on conventional railways, high-speed railways, and extra-long railways in
China by the end of 2024. According to the data, China′s
operating railways have reached a total length of 162 000 km by the end of
2024. Among these operating railways, there were 18 997 tunnels with a total
length of 24 246 km. New railways opened for traffic in 2024 incorporated 424
tunnels, with a total length of 738 km. There were 2 521 tunnels located on
railways under construction, with a total length of about 6 905 km; there were
5 634 tunnels located on railways under planning, with a total length of about
13 742 km. The total length of high-speed railways that
have been put into operation in China has exceeded 48 000 km, incorporating 4
917 tunnels with a total length of 8 279 km. Among them, 120 were extra-long tunnels with a length of more than 10 km each and a total
length of about 1 536 km. 12 new high-speed railways
with tunnels were opened in 2024, stretching for a total length of 1 981 km and incorporating 356 tunnels,
totaling about 544 km in length. There were 58 high-speed
railways under construction with a total length of 9 866 km, incorporating 1
412 tunnels with a total length of about 3 509 km. The planned high-speed railways included 2 057 tunnels with a total length of about 4
843 km. China had 296 extra-long railway tunnels in
operation, with a total length of about 4 007 km. Among them, 14 were extra-long tunnels over 20 km each, with a total length of about 335 km.
China′s new railways opened in 2024 included 10 extra-long tunnels with a total length of about 138 km. There were 163
extra-long tunnels located on railways under
construction, with a total length of about 2 504 km; there were 259 extra-long tunnels located on railways under planning, with a total length
of about 3 633 km. The authors also provide an overview of tunnels located on
the new key projects opened in 2024, including Foshan-Dongguan
intercity railway, Chengdu-Lanzhou railway, Lanzhou-Zhangye No.3 & No.4 line high-speed
railway, and Chizhou-Huangshan railway. The
characteristics of these tunnels are highlighted, along with a summary of the
technical experience gained from them. The Foshan-Dongguan
intercity railway has adopted geological route selection and segment measures
such as "double admixing technology" and distributed mortise-and-tenon structure, effectively reducing
the safety risks of tunnel construction. The Desheng tunnel on Chengdu-Lanzhou railway has established a comprehensive prevention and
control system for large deformation and developed a double track combined
tunnel rescue station, improving the tunnel deformation prevention and control,
as well as evacuation and rescue capability. The Lanzhou-Zhangye No.3 & No.4 line high-speed
railway has drawn on existing construction experience, significantly reducing
safety risks during construction and operation through disaster-reduction route selection and comprehensive utilization of existing
service galleries. The quality analysis technology for tunnel face surrounding
rock has been successfully applied in tunnels on Chizhou-Huangshan railway, ensuring the safety of tunnel construction. In
complex environments, the construction technology of large-diameter shield tunnels in China will become increasingly mature.
The design and construction level of tunnels under complex geological
conditions will be further improved, and the all-process
mechanization level of the drill-and-blast tunnels will be effectively enhanced.
