山岭隧道洞口段爆破噪声频谱特征与峰值声压级分析

赵一聪; 肖东辉; 刘本华; 罗发胜; 李彬

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2025.05.007

隧道建设 >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 5: 924 - 932

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2025.05.007

研究与探索

山岭隧道洞口段爆破噪声频谱特征与峰值声压级分析

赵一聪 ,
肖东辉 ,
刘本华 ,
罗发胜 ,
李彬

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（1. 重庆交通大学未来土木科技研究院，重庆 400074； 2. 保利长大工程有限公司，广东广州 510620）

赵一聪（1993—），男，四川南充人，重庆交通大学土木工程专业在读博士，研究方向为隧道工程。E-mail： 1017142646@qq.com。*通信作者: 肖东辉， E-mail： xiaodh2016@163.com。

网络出版日期: 2025-05-20

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Spectral Characteristics and Peak Sound Pressure Level of Noise During Blasting at a Mountainous Tunnel Entrance

ZHAO Yicong ,
XIAO Donghui ,
LIU Benhua ,
LUO Fasheng ,
LI Bin

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(1. Institute of Future Civil Engineering Sciences and Technology, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; 2. Poly Changda Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510620, Guangdong, China)

Online published: 2025-05-20

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摘要

为确定隧道洞口段爆破时噪声的声源特性与洞外峰值声压级的衰减规律，通过布置高精度声学传感器对爆破噪声进行监测；基于现场监测数据，采用希尔伯特-黄变换分析爆破噪声信号的时频能量特征，并利用回归分析首次筛选出适用于隧道洞口段爆破时洞外噪声峰值声压的预测公式。结果表明： 1）隧道爆破噪声信号呈现典型的脉冲特征，其瞬时能量峰值与振幅峰值对应良好，能量主要集中在首波到达后的0.2 s内。2）隧道洞口段爆破时噪声频带宽，但能量主要分布在110 Hz以下的窄带内，同时表现出包含多个频率峰值的特点；爆破噪声信号的低频特征显著，仅用常见的隔音屏障难以有效阻隔爆破噪声。3）隧道洞口段爆破与洞身段爆破引起的洞外噪声宜采用不同的模型进行峰值声压级预测。当采用矿山台阶爆破的噪声预测公式对隧道洞口段爆破峰值声压级进行预测时，预测结果的相对误差不超过1.78%，通过降低最大单段药量可有效降低爆破噪声峰值声压级。

关键词： 隧道爆破; 爆破噪声; 频率; 希尔伯特-黄变换; 声压级

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赵一聪 , 肖东辉 , 刘本华 , 罗发胜 , 李彬 . 山岭隧道洞口段爆破噪声频谱特征与峰值声压级分析[J]. 隧道建设, 2025 , 45(5) : 924 -932 . DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2025.05.007

Abstract

Herein, the source characteristics of noise at the tunnel entrance during blasting and attenuation patterns of the peak sound pressure level outside the tunnel are investigated. High-precision acoustic sensors are deployed to monitor the blasting noise. The Hilbert-Huang transform is applied on field monitoring data to analyze the time-frequency-energy characteristics of blasting noise signals. Regression analysis is first employed to determine a formula for predicting the peak sound pressure level of noise outside the tunnel during blasting of the tunnel entrance. Results reveal that: (1) The tunnel blasting noise signal exhibits typical pulse characteristics, with instantaneous energy peaks corresponding well to amplitude peaks. Energy is mainly concentrated within 0.2 s after the arrival of the first wave. (2) Blasting noise at the tunnel entrance has a wide frequency band but concentrated energy distribution in a narrow band below 110 Hz with multiple frequency peaks. Significant lowfrequency characteristics of the blasting noise render conventional sound barriers ineffective. (3) Distinct models are used for predicting peak sound pressure levels of noise outside the tunnel between entrance and main tunnel blasting. When applying mining bench blasting prediction formulas to the entrance blasting, the relative errors of predictions remain below 1.78%. Reducing the maximum charge per delay can effectively reduce the peak sound pressure level of the blasting noise.

Key words： tunnel blasting; blasting noise; frequency; Hilbert-Huang transform; sound pressure level

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