随着我国盾构隧道工程建设标准的持续提升，构建科学高效的防水技术体系已成为保证工程质量的核心挑战。这一体系不仅关系到隧道本体的防水结构设计，而且贯穿管片生产、接缝防水处理及管片施工等全过程的精细化管控。聚焦当前管片制造技术、接缝防水技术以及盾构隧道施工中的关键问题，首先，系统梳理国内盾构隧道工程管片钢模的发展，探讨现行规范中对钢模精度的要求；其次，讨论接缝防水常用的三元乙丙橡胶、遇水膨胀橡胶材料，探讨目前接缝防水研究手段，分析接缝防水原理和体系，对比剪力销、凹凸榫、定位榫3种管片环缝刚度增强措施的优劣；然后，探讨管片拼装验收标准的发展和管片拼装设备的微调功能，并介绍制-运-注一体化同步双液浆注浆系统在实际工程中的应用；最后，提出我国盾构隧道高质量建造需以智能化技术驱动管片生产、极端环境适应性防水体系优化及快速接头技术创新为核心发展方向，研发新型防水材料与主动控制结构体系，开发智能拼装装备与同步推拼工艺，系统提升隧道防水可靠性与建造效率。

With the continuous advancement of construction standards for shield tunnel engineering in China, establishing a scientific waterproofing system has emerged as a critical challenge with respect to engineering quality. This system should extend beyond the waterproof structural design of tunnels, encompassing meticulous control throughout segment production, joint waterproofing treatment, and segment construction. To this end, in this study, the current key issues in segment manufacturing technology, joint waterproofing technology, and shield tunnel construction are analyzed. First, the development of steel molds for shield tunnel segments in China is systematically reviewed and the requirements for steel mold accuracy in terms of current specifications are discussed. Second, commonly used joint waterproofing materials such as ethylene propylene diene monomer and hydro-expansive rubber are introduced and the current research methods for joint waterproofing are explored. Additionally, the principles and systems of joint waterproofing are analyzed. Furthermore, a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages among three stiffness enhancement measures for segment circumferential joints, namely, shear pin, concave tenon, and positioning tenon, is presented. Subsequently, the development of segment assembly acceptance standards, the fine-tuning functions of the segment assembly equipment, and the application of an integrated synchronous grouting system in practical engineering are discussed. Finally, the authors propose that for achieving high-quality construction of shield tunnels in China, three core development directions should be prioritized: intelligent technology-driven segment production, optimization of waterproof systems with extreme environmental adaptability, and innovation in new joint technologies. Moreover, accelerating the application of intelligent technologies, developing new waterproof materials and active control structural systems, designing intelligent assembly equipment and synchronous boring-assembly processes, and systematically enhancing tunnel waterproof reliability and construction efficiency are critical pathways to advance the industry.