为弥补当前镜像法、井流理论法和保角变换法等隧洞渗流场求解方法仅适用于单一地质结构的不足，以地下水动力学和复势函数理论为基础，将岩体特征分层环境下的隧洞渗流分解为岩体层状垂直单向渗流场、隧洞围岩径向渗流场和衬砌径向渗流场3个部分； 在此基础上，分别求解各个部分的控制方程。然后，根据各个区域的边界条件推导考虑岩体特征分层环境下隧洞渗流场的解析解，并针对某工程实例应用数值模拟验证解析解的正确性。最后，利用该解析解研究岩体特征分层环境下各层的层厚、渗透系数对隧洞渗流量、衬砌外水压力的影响。研究结果表明： 对于隧洞上覆岩层呈上层强渗透性、下层弱渗透性的特征，隧洞所处的弱渗透性岩层的厚度和渗透系数对隧洞渗流量和衬砌外水压力起着关键的控制作用，产生这一现象的原因是隧洞所处的岩层渗透系数小，相对整个岩体来说为相对抗水层，相对抗水层的厚度和渗透系数的变化更容易影响隧洞渗流量和外水压力。
Conventional analytical
methods for tunnel seepage fields－such
as the mirror method, well-flow theory, and conformal
transformation－are limited to single-layer geological structures. To overcome this limitation, the tunnel
seepage field in stratified rock masses is decomposed into three components:
the vertical unidirectional seepage field of the rock strata, the radial
seepage field in the surrounding rock, and the radial seepage field in the
tunnel lining. Based on groundwater dynamics and the complex potential function
theory, the governing equations for each component are independently solved.
Subsequently, the analytical solution for the overall seepage field under
stratified rock mass conditions is derived using appropriate boundary
conditions. The validity of the analytical solution is confirmed through
numerical simulation of a representative engineering case. The analytical
solution is further used to investigate the influence of layer thickness and
permeability coefficients on tunnel seepage flow and the external water
pressure acting on the tunnel lining in stratified rock environments. The
results indicate that in tunnels overlain by strata with high permeability in
the upper layers and low permeability in the lower layers, the thickness and
permeability of the weakly permeable layer in which the tunnel is embedded
critically control both the seepage flow and external water pressure. This
phenomenon arises because the low-permeability layer acts
as a relatively impermeable barrier within the stratified rock mass. Variations
in its thickness and permeability significantly impact tunnel seepage behavior
and lining water pressure.
