为降低大规模、大尺度爆破施工扰动对紧邻敏感建筑环境的影响，进一步提升受限条件下紧邻敏感建筑爆破开挖控制技术水平，以新建珠肇高铁圭峰山隧道2号盾构始发竖井建造项目为依托，综合超深竖井紧邻高压线塔及500 kV变电站的安全爆破施工要求，提出以预裂爆破、主爆孔爆破、光爆孔爆破进行组合施工的竖向分层、水平分区的爆破方案及减振控制方法，采用理论经验公式和试验测试方法开展爆破主要参数安全校核计算和爆破试验测试分析，通过监控量测验证爆破控制效果。结果表明： 1）根据现场实际情况制定的爆破控制技术及爆破设计方案，针对超深竖井爆破开挖具备较高的合理性和适用性； 2）爆破振动经验公式和现场爆破试验测试结果显示，提出的综合爆破和减振控制方法具备较好的爆破施工可行性，高压线塔和变电站内的振动速度均小于设定的2 cm/s和0.6 cm/s安全限值； 3）现场施工阶段的监控量测数据显示，竖井、建（构）筑物沉降均未超过安全限值，紧邻超高压变电站振动亦未超过振速限值。
To mitigate the impact of large-scale
blasting construction on adjacent sensitive structures and to further enhance
controlled blasting techniques under constrained conditions, a case study is
conducted on the construction project of the No. 2 shield launching shaft of
the Guifengshan tunnel on the newly built Zhuzhou-Zhaoqing
high-speed railway. Based on the safety requirements of
deep shaft blasting adjacent to high-voltage
transmission towers and a 500 kV substation, a detailed vertical-layered and horizontally-zoned blasting
scheme is developed. The scheme integrates pre-split
blasting, main charge hole blasting, and contour blasting, along with vibration
attenuation and control measures. The feasibility of the blasting plan and
vibration control methods is verified through empirical formulas and experimental
testing, including safety checks of key blasting parameters and test blasting
analyses. Monitoring during construction confirms the effectiveness of the
blasting control. The findings indicate that: (1) The proposed blasting design
and control techniques are well-suited for deep shaft
excavation under complex site constraints. (2) Both empirical vibration
formulas and field tests demonstrate that the combined blasting and vibration
mitigation approach is feasible, with vibration velocities at the transmission
tower and within the substation remaining below the safety thresholds of 2 cm/s
and 0.6 cm/s, respectively. (3) Field monitoring also confirms that shaft and
structural settlements stay within allowable limits, and vibration near the
ultra-high voltage substation does not exceed critical
thresholds.
