我国近年来建设了大量的大型地下工程，需要快速检测这些地下工程中的钢管混凝土柱的安全状态以保证施工质量。为此，提出采用地面三维激光扫描仪获取点云数据进行检测。首先，对点云数据进行拼接和提取处理； 然后，采用动量梯度下降法通过点云数据拟合圆柱体方程，并基于圆柱体方程方向向量与垂直向量计算出柱体垂直度； 最后，在地下综合交通枢纽项目的钢管混凝土柱体上进行试验。试验分为3组： 前2组采用动量梯度下降法拟合计算垂直度，对比使用多测站拼接的点云数据和单测站点云数据的差异； 最后1组使用全站仪检测垂直度，作为似真值进行对比。结果表明： 1）基于动量梯度下降法拟合计算的垂直度与全站仪测量结果对比，其精度满足规范和工程的测量要求； 2）多测站拼接的点云数据和单测站点云数据均能满足需求； 3）基于动量梯度下降法的垂直度点云拟合测量方法相比传统检测方法提升4倍的工作效率。结果证明，三维激光扫描技术在柱体的垂直度快速测量中具有良好的应用前景和可行性。

In recent years, China has constructed numerous large-scale underground projects. To ensure construction quality, it is essential to quickly assess the safety status of the steel-reinforced concrete columns in these underground projects. For this purpose, point cloud data obtained from ground-based three-dimensional (3D) laser scanners are used for detection. First, the point cloud data are concatenated and extracted. Then, the momentum gradient descent method is employed to fit the cylinder equation to the point cloud data, and the verticality of the cylinder is calculated based on the direction and vertical vectors derived from the fitted cylinder equation. Finally, Three groups of experiments are conducted on the steel-reinforced concrete columns of the underground comprehensive transportation hub project. In the first two groups, momentum gradient descent is used to perform the fitting and compute the perpendicularity, and the results are compared with the point cloud data using multi-station stitching and single-station cloud data. The third group uses a total station to measure verticality, and the results are treated as near-truth values. The experimental results are summarized as follows: (1) The accuracy of the verticality calculated using the momentum gradient descent fitting method meets the measurement requirements specified in relevant engineering standards compared with the total station measurement results. (2) Both multi-station and single-station point cloud data are sufficient for satisfying the measurement requirements. (3) The proposed method improves the work efficiency by four times compared to the traditional detection methods. These experimental results demonstrate that the 3D laser scanner offers strong potential and practical feasibility for the rapid measurement of column verticality, providing valuable support for the rapid detection of column verticality in subsequent construction and completion.