为研究公路隧道内景观装饰对驾驶安全的影响，通过驾驶模拟技术分析不同景观带空间分布对驾驶人员视觉的作用机制，构建边墙景观、拱顶景观和全周景观3种试验场景，采用眼动追踪技术结合AttenD算法，量化评估景观带视野范围内的注视分布、注视时长及视觉分心等视觉特征。结果表明： 1）FRD区域和仪表盘区域占据了驾驶人员大部分视觉资源。2）景观装饰信息复杂度与视觉资源分配比例呈正相关，边墙区域对驾驶人员的吸引程度较强，当通过景观装饰唤醒驾驶人员注意力时，首选边墙景观。3）道路中心和仪表盘区域是驾驶主要兴趣区，消耗了大部分视觉资源。4）从注视时长指标分析，边墙景观方案周边视觉区域总注视时长水平最高； 从视觉分心角度分析，边墙景观方案单次分心时长较长，全周景观方案视觉分心次数较多； 从整体视觉分心水平分析，全周景观对视觉分心的影响最为突出。研究证实景观装饰的空间分布影响驾驶注意力分配，建议优化景观设计参数以平衡美学需求与行车安全。
To examine the impact of landscape decorations in highway tunnels on driving safety, the authors apply driving simulation technology to analyze the mechanism of the spatial distribution of different landscape belts on the visual perception of drivers. Three experimental scenarios of a sidewall landscape, a crown landscape, and a full-round landscape are constructed. Eye-tracking technology integrated with AttenD algorithm is utilized to quantify visual attention behaviors within the tunnel′s visual field, including gaze distribution, gaze duration, and visual distraction metrics. The results indicate the following: (1) The field for the driving area and the dashboard area account dominate drivers′ visual resources. (2) The complexity of landscape decoration positively correlates with the proportion of visual resource allocation. Sidewall areas demonstrate stronger attraction to drivers, making them optimal for attention activation. (3) The roadway center and dashboard regions emerge as primary interest zones, consuming the majority of visual resources. (4) From the perspective of the fixation duration metric, the total fixation duration level in the peripheral visual area of the sidewall landscape scheme is the highest. The sidewall landscape exhibits prolonged single distraction durations, whereas the full-round landscape causes more frequent visual distractions. Overall, the visual distraction effect of the full-round landscape is the most prominent. The findings confirm that the spatial distribution characteristics of landscape decorations directly affect drivers′ attention allocation. It is recommended that design parameters should be optimized to balance aesthetic requirements and driving safety.
